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. 2025 Jan 2;16:292. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55321-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

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Fig. 2 — Consisting of the experimental setup (right panel) and the corresponding signal flow of the complex-valued convolution process (left panel). The arrows denote phasors in the complex-valued plane. a The generation of synthetic wavelengths via utilizing two sets of wavelengths in the process of comb shaping. b The discrete complex-valued data used for modulating the synthetic wavelengths. c The process of complex-valued convolution calculation in the fiber transmission. d The output results after photoelectric detection. CW Pump: continues-wave pump laser. EDFA, erbium doped fibre amplifier. MRR, micro-ring resonator. CVEOM, complex-valued electro-optical modulator. PD, photodetection.