Fig. 15. (A) Open coplanar EWOD design.206 (B) Diagram illustrating the cross-section of the electrowetting chip. The interfacial tension imbalance that results from applying an electric field to only one side of a droplet leads to the bulk flow of the droplet.207 (C) Envisioned digital microfluidic circuit that can be utilized as a lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis device, together with the four essential droplet activities required: liquid droplets are created, transported, sliced, and merged using electrowetting techniques.208 (D) Procedures for separating particles within droplets using twDEP and EWOD.209.
