Fig. 9. DEP device classification based on a few principles. (A) Diagram of the separation principle.124 (B) Chip schematic of proteins controlled by direct current (DC) field and insulator-based dielectric electrophoresis (IDEP).125 (C) The main channel (yellow) and side channel (pink) in the schematic of the cDEP device are connected by a very thin membrane. An electric field gradient forms in the main channel around the membrane when the conductive side channel is polarized using a linear electrode.126 (D) Using twDEP for separation.111.
