Table 3.

Outcomes of meta-analysis

Risk factors	No. of studies	Heterogeneity Analysis		Statistical model	statistical method	Effect estimate	P
		I²	P			(95%CI)
Hypertension	10	70.4%	0.000	Random-effects	OR	1.30(0.92,1.83)	0.131
Chronic pulmonary disease	11	23.4%	0.221	Fixed-effects	OR	1.07(0.90,1.29)	0.443
Diabetes	12	50.2%	0.024	Random-effects	OR	1.34(1.04,1.73)	0.022*
Gender	14	0.0%	0.059	Fixed-effects	OR	1.28(1.10,1.50)	0.006*
Liver disease	6	2.3%	0.402	Fixed-effects	OR	0.86(0.47,1.58)	0.635
Immunosuppressive diseases	5	29.9%	0.222	Fixed-effects	OR	1.11(0.88,1.40)	0.375
Chronic kidney disease	6	0.0%	0.751	Fixed-effects	OR	1.20(0.78,1.84)	0.411
Heart disease	10	0.0%	0.550	Fixed-effects	OR	1.00(0.85,1.17)	0.957
Tocilizumab	9	34.3%	0.144	Fixed-effects	OR	1.04(0.74,1.46)	0.815
Tumors	9	10.2%	0.350	Fixed-effects	OR	1.04(0.78,1.37)	0.807
ECMO	4	74.1%	0.009	Random-effects	OR	2.70(1.17,6.26)	0.020*
Tracheal intubation	4	67.8%	0.025	Random-effects	OR	8.68(4.68,16.08)	< 0.001*
Mechanical ventilation	2	0.0%	0.385	Fixed-effects	OR	22.00(3.77,128.328)	0.001*
Methylprednisolone	2	13.5%	0.282	Fixed-effects	OR	2.24(1.24,4.04)	0.008*
Methylprednisolone + Tocilizumab	2	71.0%	0.063	Random-effects	OR	4.54(1.09,18.88)	0.037*
Steroids	3	87.6%	0.000	Random-effects	OR	1.17(0.15,9.23)	0.882
Remdesivir	2	54.4%	0.139	Random-effects	OR	0.80(0.14,4.41)	0.794
Dexamethasone	2	10.2%	0.291	Fixed-effects	OR	1.64(0.85,3.15)	0.139
Renal replacement therapy	2	97.9%	0.000	Random-effects	OR	0.86(0.11,6.57)	0.882
Central venous catheterization	2	0.0%	0.559	Fixed-effects	OR	9.33(3.06,28.43)	< 0.001*
Length of stay in ICUs	8	0.0%	0.712	Fixed-effects	WMD	10.37(9.29,11.44)	< 0.001*
SAPS II score	2	58.3%	0.122	Random-effects	WMD	6.43(0.23,12.63)	0.042*

WMD Weight mean difference, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval

*P < 0.05