Table 3.
Summary of interventions and outcomes characteristics
| Study | Interventions | Type of Exercise | Measuring instruments and main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomljanović et al. (2011) [37] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR, Length: 5 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Traditional resistance training | Agility (5–10-5 test ↔ , HEX↑#); Power (CMJ: AT ↔ , PEAKPWR↑#, JH↑#, GCT↑#); Strength (SMB↑#, LMB ↔); Speed (10 m ↔ , 20 m ↔ , 10–20 m ↔) |
| Sander et al. (2013) [38] | Freq.: NR, time: NR, Length: 8 days | EG1: Completed the NWP first and the WPS 4 days later; EG2: Completed the WPS first and the NWP 4 days later | Speed: linear sprint: 5 m↑#, 10 m↑#, 15 m↑#, 20 m↑#, 25 m↑#, 30 m↑#; CDS: 5 m left↑ and right↑#, 10 m left↑# and right↑# |
| Song et al. (2014) [39] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR., Length: 16 Weeks | EG: Functional training (EG1); CG: Regular training | Strength (hand grip strength↑#, back muscle strength↑#, bench-press 1 RM↑#, squat 1 RM↑#); Flexibility (trunk flexion forward↑, trunk extension backward↑, the splits↑#) |
| Elbadry (2014) [24] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional strength training; CG: Regular training | Balance (dynamic balance↑#); Strength (core strength↑#, handgrip strength↑, static strength test↑#); Performance level test↑# |
| Kamal (2016) [40] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Performance level test↑ |
| Cherepov & Shaikhetdinov (2016) [41] | Freq.: NR, time: NR, Length: 6 months | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Strength (PU↑#, OMBT↑#); Agility (SHR↑#) |
| Osipov et al. (2017) [42] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 90 min, Length: 32 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Judo fitness test↑#; Test with punching↑# |
| Alonso-Fernández et al. (2017) [43] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 10 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Combining strength, coordination and plyometric exercises; CG: Regular training | Cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2max); Speed (RSA↑); Power (CMJ: AT ↔ , JH ↔ , GCT ↔ , PEAKPWR ↔) |
| Yildiz et al. (2019) [21] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 65–70 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG1: Functional training group; EG2: Traditional training group; CG: Regular training | Flexibility (Sit and reach↑#); Power (CMJ↑#); Speed (10 m↑#); Agility (T-test↑#); Balance (RDB↑#, LDB↑#, SB↑#) |
| Usgu et al. (2020) [44, 45] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 75–85 min, Length: 20 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Strength (1 RM bench press↑ and leg press tests↑#); Flexibility (sit and reach↑); Agility (T-drill↑, Lane-Agility tests↑#); Speed (20 m↑#); Power (Vertical jump↑#) |
| Turna & Alp (2020) [46] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 20 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Strength (Vertical jump↑, hand grip↑, back-leg strength↑); Flexibility (sit and reach↑); Speed (30 m↑) |
| Zirhli & Demirci (2020) [47] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 90 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Speed (10 m↑#); Power (vatical leap test↑#); Flexibility (sit and reach↑#); Agility (T-test↑#); Anaerobic capacity (Wingate Anaerobic Power Test↑#) |
| Turker & Yuksel (2021) | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional + strength training; CG: Regular training | Aerobic capacity (Watt bike Pro Ramp Test↑#); Body Composition (Fat Measurement↑#); Dynamic Balance Test (Libra see saw balancing board test↑#) |
| Hovsepian et al. (2021) [48] | Freq.: 4 times/week, time: in average of 80–150 and 180–240 min per week respectively, Length: 10 weeks | EG: High intensity functional training; CG: Regular training | Basketball simulated performance↑#; Agility (t-test↑); lateral shuffle test ↔ , vertical jump ↔ , average power↑# |
| Carvutto et al. (2021) [49] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 90 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: High intensity functional training; CG: Regular training | Agility (t-test↑#); Speed (20 m↑#) |
| Keiner et al. (2022) [50] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 10 months | EG1: Traditional strength training; EG2: Plyometrics and sprint training; EG3: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Speed (20 m↑#, CDS: CODSR↑#, CODSL↑#); Power (SJ: AT↑#, JH↑#); Strength (1RM↑#) |
| Zheng (2022) [51] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 45 min, Length: 10 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Difficulty scores of specific actions (time to pan 360↑#, turn 360 whip time↑#, balance and flexibility difficulty score↑#, total difficulty score↑#), fitness (plank high-five↑#, pulley support↑#, Russian swivel↑#, fast sit-ups turn↑#, backbend↑#, back up↑#) |
| Abood et al. (2022) [23] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 20–25 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Accuracy of shooting skill from outside the three-point arc↑ |
| Zou & Ma (2022) [52] | Freq.: NR, time: NR., Length: 16 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Core endurance↑#, core strength↑# |
| Liu & Yi (2023) [53] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR, Length: 12 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Hit accuracy test↑, depth test↑ |
| Lee et al. (2023) [54] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 6 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Weight training | Strength (handgrip, L↑# and R↑), sit up ↔ side-step ↔ , 30 m ↔ #, standing long jump ↔ pitching speed ↔ #, Batting speed ↔ # |
| Chen (2023) [55] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Depth test↑, hit accuracy test↑ |
| Wu et al. (2023) [56] | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 40 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Rowing speed (200 m rowing↑#); Strength (hand grip ↔ , pull-up↑, push-up↑); Agility (4 × 10 m shuttle run ↔ #); Speed (30 m ↔); Flexibility (sit and reach ↔); Power (standing long jump ↔ #) |
| Khazaei & Amani-Shalamzari (2023) [57] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 75–90 min, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional strength training; CG: Regular training | Flexibility (sit and reach↑); Balance (Y-balance test↑); Power (Sargent test↑#); Speed (30 m↑); Agility (t-test↑); Reaction time(8-direction reaction time test↑); Aerobic endurance (Bruce test↑); Strength (sit-up↑); Muscular endurance (push-ups↑) |
| Xiao et al. (2023) [12] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 12 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Strength (push-ups↑#, wall squat test↑#); Power (over medicine ball throw↑#, standing long jump↑#) |
| Shang et al. (2023) [58] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR, Length: 8 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Push-ups↑, touch high ↔ , 3200 m↑, limited area body acuity detection↑#, four times the basketball court sideline 17 turns back↑#, Run-up touch↑# |
| Xiao et al. (2024) [35] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 12 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Cardiorespiratory endurance (multistage fitness test↑#); Agility (the hexagon test↑#, planned agility↑#); Speed (20 m ↔ #); Flexibility (sit and reach↑#) |
| Bashir et al. (2024) [36] | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 12 weeks | EG: Functional training; CG: Regular training | Flexibility (sit and reach↑#); Agility (t-test↑#, Illinois agility test↑#); Speed (30 m ↔ #); Muscular endurance (push-ups↑#) |
NR not reported, M male, F female, yr year, EG functional training group, CG control group, Freq frequency; time: single intervention time; Length: total time of the intervention; ↑: significant difference between pre- and post-experimental group data; ↔ : no significant difference between pre- and post-experimental group data; #: significant difference between post-experimental group data, NWP normal soccer warm-up, WPS warm-up program supplemented with functional training