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. 2025 Jan 3;11(1):eadr2441. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr2441

Fig. 1. Silencing of OsCSN5 in rice enhances disease resistance against M. oryzae and Xoo without growth penalties.

Fig. 1.

(A and B) Disease symptoms (A) and relative fungal biomass (B) of representative leaves from OsCSN5-RNAi and NPB plants after spray inoculation with M. oryzae isolate RB22. (C to E) Disease symptoms (C), the relative leaf area with lesions as measured by ImageJ (D), and relative fungal biomass (E) of representative leaves of OsCSN5-RNAi and NPB plants after punch inoculation with M. oryzae isolate RB22. (F) Chitin-induced ROS accumulation dynamics in OsCSN5-RNAi and NPB plants. Water treatment (Mock) was the negative control. (G and H) Relative transcript levels of the defense-related genes OsPAL1 (G) and OsPR10 (H) in OsCSN5-RNAi and NPB plants at 0 and 24 hours after spray inoculation with M. oryzae isolate RB22 as determined by qRT-PCR. (I and J) Phenotypes of the leaves of OsCSN5-RNAi plants inoculated with the Xoo isolate PXO99A (I) and lesion length (J). Scale bar, 2 cm. (K) Morphological phenotypes of OsCSN5-RNAi plants. Scale bar, 10 cm. (L) Grain width (left) and grain length (right) of OsCSN5-RNAi and NPB plants. Scale bar, 1 cm. All the statistical analysis data are shown as mean ± SE, and significance was determined at *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 (n = 3) with a two-tailed Student’s t test.