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. 2025 Jan 3;20(1):e0316934. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316934

Table 2. The outcomes of the univariate analysis.

Variables OR (95% CI) P-value
Age, years 1.038 (0.948~1.137) 0.420
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) 1.279 (1.177~1.389) <0.001
Parity, n (%)
No ref
Yes 1.035 (0.522~2.05) 0.922
Hepatic steatosis, n (%)
Grade 0 ref
Grade 1 3.608 (1.525~8.537) 0.004
Grade 2 27.081 (9.175~79.937) <0.001
Grade 3 18.28 (3.994~83.662) <0.001
AST (IU/L) 1.019 (0.992~1.046) 0.169
ALT (IU/L) 1.039 (1.015~1.063) 0.001
GGT(IU/L) 1.035 (1.008~1.062) 0.010
Adipokines(ng/mL) 0.999 (0.999~1) <0.001
TC (mg/dL) 1.019 (1.013~1.026) <0.001
TG (mg/dL) 5.244 (2.606~10.552) <0.001
HDL-C(mg/dL) 0.97 (0.944~0.997) 0.032
LDL-C(mg/dL) 0.998 (0.982~1.014) 0.787
FPG (mg/dL) 1.069 (1.036~1.103) <0.001
Insulin (μIU/mL) 1.118 (1.068~1.171) <0.001
HOMA-IR 1.482 (1.225~1.792) <0.001
RC (mg/dL) 1.1 (1.065~1.136) <0.001
RC/HDL-C ratio 57.472 (13.318~248.008) <0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

RC remnant cholesterol, BMI body mass index, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, LDL-C low-density lipid cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance.