Table 2. Distribution of rear-end crashes according to a set of independent variables.

Variable	Total (n = 127,637)	Rear-end crashes (n = 44,962)	Non-rear-end crashes (n = 82,675)	χ2 test p value
Light conditions, n (%)				<0.001
Daylight  Darkness-lit  Darkness-unlit	105,053 (82.3) 16,543 (13.0) 6,041 (4.73)	35,726 (34.1) 6,204 (37.5) 3,032 (50.19)	69,333 (66.0) 10,339 (63.5) 3,003 (49.71)
Speed limit, n (%)				<0.001
Rural (≥ 40 mph)  Urban (20–30 mph)	27,395 (21.5) 100,242 (78.5)	11,788 (43.0) 33,174 (33.1)	15,607 (57.0) 67,068 (66.9)
Crash time (h), n (%)				<0.001
Midnight (00:00–06:00)  Rush hours (07:00–08:00/17:00–18:00)  Nonrush hours (09:00–16:00)  Evening (19:00–23:00)	4,810 (3.8) 41,619 (32.6) 61,696 (48.3) 19,512 (15.3)	2,289 (47.6) 15,089 (36.3) 20,723 (33.6) 6,861 (36.2)	2,521 (52.4) 26,530 (63.7) 40,973 (66.4) 12,651 (64.9)
Crash day, n (%)				<0.001
Weekend  Weekday	28,730 (22.5) 98,907 (77.5)	9,485 (33.0) 35,477 (35.9)	19,245 (67.0) 63,430 (64.1)
Cyclist’s age (years), n (%)				<0.001
≤18  19–40  41–64  ≥65	51,193 (40.1) 45,760 (35.9) 26,052 (20.4) 4,632 (3.6)	13,446 (26.3) 19,102 (41.7) 10,619 (40.8) 1,795 (38.8)	37,747 (73.7) 26,658 (58.3) 15,433 (59.2) 2,837 (61.3)
Cyclist’s sex, n (%)				<0.001
Male  Female	103,766 (81.3) 23,871 (18.7)	37,175 (35.8) 7,787 (32.6)	66,591 (64.2) 16,084 (67.4)
Crash partner, n (%)				<0.001
Taxi/Private hire car  Car  Bus/Heavy goods vehicle	2,588 (2.0) 106,668 (83.6) 18,381 (14.4)	1,096 (42.4) 37,202 (34.9) 6,664 (36.3)	1,492 (57.7) 71,342 (66.9) 9,841 (53.5)
Crash partner’s age (years), n (%)				<0.001
≤18  19–40  41–64  ≥65	2,415 (1.9) 49,103 (38.5) 35,598 (27.9) 40,521 (31.8)	870 (36.0) 16,282 (33.2) 11,736 (33.0) 16,074 (40.0)	1,545 (64.0) 32,821 (66.8) 23,862 (67.0) 24,447 (60.3)
Crash partner’s sex, n (%)				<0.001
Male  Female	97,447 (76.6) 30,190 (23.7)	35,828 (36.8) 9,134 (30.3)	61,619 (63.2) 21,056 (69.7)