Fig. 1.

Plasma HGF levels at baseline and first evaluation according to patient’s outcomes. Plasma samples were obtained from NSCLC patients at baseline and during the first evaluation. ELISA assays were utilized to quantify HGF levels. Subsequently, expression values were categorized based on drug response and disease progression, with A the group receiving ICIs alone and B the group receiving chemotherapy alone. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01