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. 2025 Jan 3;74(2):73. doi: 10.1007/s00262-024-03923-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Manufacture and validation of aErbB3 CAR-NK cells using cord blood-derived NK cells. A Schematic diagram depicting the construction of the second-generation aCD19 CAR and aErbB3 CAR encoded in a pCDH lentiviral vector with an MSCV promoter (left). Bar graph of the titer of the lentivirus produced (right). B Schematic representation of CAR-NK production from cord blood-derived NK cells and subsequent evaluation. C Representative flow cytometric analysis of CAR expression in CD3⁻CD56.⁺ subsets 3 days post-transduction (left). Summary data is presented as a scatter plot of the percentage of CAR expression in the non-transduced (UTD) and transduced cells (n = 9, mean ± SD) (right). D Determination of maintaining aCD19 CAR and aErbB3 CAR expression on transduced NK cells. E ELISA analysis of IL-15 secretion in aCD19 CAR-NK cells and aErbB3 CAR-NK cells. Control: Culture medium of non-transduced NK cells, P2A + GFP: culture medium of NK cells transduced with CAR lentivirus (P2A + GFP). P2A + IL-15: culture medium of NK cells transduced with CAR lentivirus (P2A + IL-15)