Table 1.

Definition of variables and descriptive statistics.

Variables	Description	Mean	S.E	Min	Max
Inflow	Agricultural value chain linkages inflow (dollars)	218.800	631.700	0.0326	5400.000
Outflow	Agricultural value chain linkages outflow (dollars)	203.900	724.400	0.0182	7835.000
CRexpress	Whether it is a country along the “CR Express": Yes = 1; No = 0	0.259	0.438	0.000	1.000
time	Whether after 2011 (including 2011): Yes = 1; No = 0	0.238	0.426	0.000	1.000
lngdp	The logarithm of the product of the domestic and foreign GDPs	54.130	2.153	48.060	60.260
GDPgrow	Trade partner country GDP growth rate (%)	4.119	5.205	−33.100	88.960
lnpopu	The logarithm of the product of domestic and foreign population quantities	9.578	1.703	5.724	14.400
lnagriarea	The logarithm of the product of domestic and foreign agricultural land areas	26.120	2.510	17.340	30.820
ratio	The proportion of the agricultural population in the partner country	21.190	20.230	0.190	85.410
neighbor	Neighbor of China: Yes = 1; No = 0	0.153	0.360	0.000	1.000
distance	Straight-line distance between Beijing, China and partner capitals (km)	6364.409	2401.861	1172.047	17614.300
language	Language similarity index: [0,1]	0.064	0.051	0.000	0.475
gov	Government effectiveness index of the partner country: [-2.5,2.5]	0.294	1.008	−2.232	2.437
reg	Regulatory level index of the partner country: [-2.5,2.5]	0.271	1.017	−2.344	2.261
cor	Corruption control index of the partner country: [-2.5,2.5]	0.164	1.094	−1.673	2.470
law	Rule of law index of the partner country: [-2.5,2.5]	0.200	1.035	−1.991	2.100
air	Whether China has signed a shipping agreement with the partner country: Yes = 1; No = 0.	0.752	0.432	0.000	1.000
sea	Whether China has signed a maritime agreement with the partner country: Yes = 1; No = 0.	0.513	0.500	0.000	1.000