Table 6.
Impact of variables on changing energy outcomes (whole data set).
| Dependent Variables | (1) |
(3) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary-Model |
Robust-Model |
|
| sys-GMM |
3SLS |
|
| Energy Consumption | Energy Consumption | |
| L. Energy Consumption | 1.055∗∗∗ | |
| (1.157) | ||
| Technological Transfer | 1.111∗∗∗ | 1.137∗∗ |
| (1.153) | (1.135) | |
| Governance | 1.135∗∗∗ | 1.157∗∗ |
| (1.131) | (1.151) | |
| High Level Governance | 1.131∗∗∗ | 1.150∗∗ |
| (1.153) | (1.151) | |
| Low Level Governance | −1.133∗∗ | −1.105∗ |
| (1.157) | (1.133) | |
| Percent in Total Environmentally Related Tax Revenue | 1.111∗∗ | 1.110∗∗∗ |
| (1.111) | (1.113) | |
| Globalization Index | 1.300∗∗ | 1.315∗ |
| (1.117) | (1.175) | |
| Urbanization | −1.157 | −1.117 |
| (1.117) | (1.100) | |
| Innovation Index | −1.157∗∗ | −1.310∗∗∗ |
| (1.130) | (1.133) | |
| FDI Effect (Dummy) | −1.307∗∗∗ | −1.311∗∗ |
| (1.110) | (1.173) | |
| Human Capital and Research | 1.157∗∗ (1.177) | |
| Diagnostic Test | ||
| Observations | Yes | Yes |
| Year Effect | 1105 | 1333 |
| AR1 (p-value) | −3.100 (1.1130) | |
| AR3 (p-value) | −1.031 (1.353) | |
| Hansen (p-value) | 10.37 (1.355) | |
| Instruments/j. stat. | 31 | |
| Wald test/CHI3 (p-value) | 370001(1.111) | |
| Sargan (p-value) | 53.70 (1.100) | 57.003 (1.373) |
| Under Identification Test, Anderson Canon. corr. LM Statistic (p-value) | 29.355 (1.1111) | |
| Wu-Hausman (p-value) | 6.331 (1.1170) | |
| Endogeneity test (p-value) | 6.357 (1.117) | |
| Durbin (score) chi3(p-value) | 6.331 (1.117) | |
| Weak Identification Test (Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic | 10.077 | |
| Stock-Yogo Weak ID Test Critical Values Criteria | Pass | |
| BRI Sample Countries | 150 | 150 |