Table 3.

Reliable improvement, recovery, and clinically meaningful improvement.

Samples	Sample size	Reliable improvementa	Recoveryb	Reliable improvement or recoveryc	Reliable improvement and recoveryd	Clinically meaningful improvemente
Outcome: PTSD symptoms (PCL-5)
Entire Sample	199	164 (82.41)	–	165 (82.91)	–	129 (64.82)
Baseline PCL-5 ≥ 31	112	101 (90.18)	80 (71.43)	102 (91.07)	79 (70.54)	88 (78.57)
Outcome: depression symptoms (PHQ-9)
Baseline PHQ-9 ≥ 10	74	37 (50.00)	45 (60.81)	51 (68.92)	31 (41.89)	–

PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire-9, PCL-5 PTSD checklist for DSM-5.

^aReliable improvement: ≥ 5-point decrease on the final PCL-5; or ≥ 6-point decrease on the final PHQ-9.

^bRecovery: Final PCL-5 < 31 among those with baseline PCL-5 ≥ 31; or final PHQ-9 < 10.

^cReliable improvement or recovery: ≥ 5-point decrease on the final PCL-5 or final PCL-5 < 31 among those with baseline PCL-5 ≥ 31; or ≥ 6-point decrease on the final PHQ-9 or final PHQ-9 < 10.

^dReliable improvement and recovery: ≥ 5-point decrease on the final PCL-5 and final PCL-5 < 31 among those with baseline PCL-5 ≥ 31; or ≥ 6-point decrease on the final PHQ-9 and final PHQ-9 < 10.

^eClinically meaningful improvement: ≥ 10-point decrease on the final PCL-5.