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. 2025 Jan 4;15:765. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85468-3

Table 3.

A multivariate linear regression of sex-based correlations of serum 25(OH)D levels with sarcopenia and its components.

HGS SMI 6-meter gait speed Time to complete 5 sit-to-stand movements
β (SE) P value β (SE) P value β (SE) P value β (SE) P value
Male
 Age ≥ 75 years − 1.885 (1.089) 0.085 − 0.210 (0.105) 0.04 − 0.068 (0.031) 0.026 0.683 (0.706) 0.335
 BMI 0.186 (0.142) 0.192 0.083 (0.014) < 0.001 − 0.002 (0.004) 0.548 0.006 (0.092) 0.947
 Serum 25(OH)D − 0.041 (0.042) 0.334 0.004 (0.004) 0.371 0.000 (0.001) 0.728 0.006 (0.027) 0.814
Female
 Age ≥ 75 years 0.436 (0.955) 0.648 0.015 (0.214) 0.944 0.165 (0.040) < 0.001 2.366 (0.607) < 0.001
 BMI 0.203 (0.122) 0.098 0.129 (0.027) < 0.001 − 0.003 (0.005) 0.607 0.218 (0.078) 0.006
 Serum 25(OH)D 0.023 (0.046) 0.612 0.013 (0.010) 0.220 0.001 (0.002) 0.698 − 0.005 (0.029) 0.859

The enter method was applied to this model, and adjusted analysis adjusted for age, BMI, waist circumstance, hip circumstance, calf circumference, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. All models included the same variables and categorizations/groupings, for visual presentation only significant variable categories are presented.

Β, regression coefficient; SE, standard error; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HGS, handgrip strength; SMI, skeletal muscle index.