Table 1.

Study participant characteristics.

Characteristic	Intubated (n = 92)	Non-intubated (n = 102)	P value
Age, median (IQR)	61 (53, 70)	59 (42, 67)	0.175
Gender			0.349
Female	31 (34%)	41 (40%)
Male	61 (66%)	61 (60%)
Patient race			0.316
Asian	40 (43%)	35 (34%)
Black or African American	0 (0%)	1 (1%)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	41 (45%)	46 (45%)
White-Non-Hispanic	11 (12%)	18 (18%)
White Hispanic	0 (0%)	2 (2%)
BMI ≥ 30	58 (63%)	61 (60%)	0.644
Length of stay in hospital	12 (9, 15)	22 (14, 26)	< 0.001
Days on HFNC	1.7 (0.9, 1.3)	4.7 (3.8. 6.2)	< 0.001
Symptoms until HFNC days	8 (7, 12)	10 (7, 12)	0.805
Hypertension	67 (73%)	58 (57%)	0.020
Secondary pneumonia	12 (13%)	26 (25%)	0.029
Acute kidney injury	37 (40%)	35 (34%)	0.395
Cancer not in remission	7 (8%)	6 (6%)	0.631
Ischemic heart disease	15 (16%)	17 (17%)	0.946
Congestive heart failure	15 (16%)	16 (16%)	0.907
Chronic pulmonary disease	8 (9%)	8 (8%)	0.829
Asthma	11 (12%)	13 (13%)	0.868
Active smoker	10 (11%)	10 (10%)	0.807
Diabetes	48 (52%)	46 (45%)	0.325
Immunocompromised	11 (12%)	10 (10%)	0.630
Hepatic failure	7 (8%)	3 (3%)	0.196
End stage renal disease	6 (7%)	2 (2%)	0.153
Chronic kidney disease	23 (25%)	19 (19%)	0.282
Vaccinated against COVID-19	17 (18%)	21 (21%)	0.712
Taking remdesivir	70 (76%)	87 (85%)	0.103
Taking dexamethasone	92 (100%)	102 (100%)	1.000
Expired	48 (52%)	0 (0%)	< 0.001

BMI = body mass index, expressed as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; HFNC = high flow nasal cannula

n (%) or median (interquartile range (IQR))