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. 2025 Jan 4;15:829. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-85070-z

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 2 — MR assessment for causal relationship between different types of nuts consumption and CVD. All the SNPs associated with exposure were extracted as significant instrumental variants at a level of p < 5 × 10^-6. (A) The exposure factor is unsalted peanuts consumption. (B) The exposure factor is unsalted nuts consumption. (C) The exposure factor is processed nuts consumption. (D) The exposure factor is processed peanuts consumption. AF, atrial fibrillation; CHD, coronary heart disease; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; MR, Mendelian randomization; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; IVW-FE, fixed-effect inverse variance weighted; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; OR, odds ratio.