Table 11.

Summary of advantages and disadvantages of different synthesized methods of AgNPs.

Method		Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Physical approach	Conventional ball milling	•Cheap •Process can be done at ambient temperature	•Insignificant for large-scale synthesis •Agglomeration of particles •High energy consumption	[240,241]
	Laser ablation	•High purity of nanoparticles •Small size of nanoparticles •Low agglomeration rate •Narrow size distribution	•High energy consumption •Low productivity •Insignificant for large-scale synthesis	[242,243]
	Electrospinning	•Simple, efficient procedure •Inexpensive •Ability to control factors (fiber orientation, diameter, composition)	•Utilization of toxic organic solvents •The restricted control over pore structures	[244,245]
Chemical Approach	Pyrolysis	•High purity of nanoparticles •Process simplicity	•High operating temperatures •Low heat transfer to the reaction tube due to low residence time	[246,247]
	Sol-gel process	•high purity, homogeneity •Efficient for the preparation (composites, complex materials)	•Limited industrial application •Costly precursors •Process longevity •Difficulties regarding the synthesis of monoliths •Reproducibility difficulties	[248]
	Hydrothermal	•Implementation of solubility via pressure and heat at a critical point •Enhancement in chemical properties •Ease in the synthesis of intermediate •Metastable state •Specific phase products •Precise control of size, morphology, and crystallinity	•Requires expensive autoclaves •Safety issues •It is impossible to observe reactions prevail	[247]
Biological Approach	Bacteriogenic synthesis	•Process simplicity •Environment friendly	•Pathogenic behavior of certain species, such as E. coli •Significantly slow synthesis rate •Large size distribution	[248,249]
	Fungi-mediated synthesis	•Simple, environment-friendly, faster synthesis rate •High bioaccumulation capacity and intracellular uptake •Less non-pathogenic behavior compared to bacteriogenic synthesis	•Process longevity •Pathogenic behavior •Biological functions affecting the synthesis process	[250,251]
	Plant/plant extract-mediated synthesis	•Simple, low-cost, environment-friendly •Low reaction temperatures •Use non-pathogenic, non-hazardous reagents •Act as both reducing and capping agents at the same time	•unknown mechanisms affecting the synthesis process	[249,250,252]
	Algae-mediated synthesis	•Simple, low-cost, environment-friendly •Low reaction temperatures •Use of non-pathogenic and non-hazardous reagents •Small size of nanoparticles Uniform morphology of nanoparticles	•Slow synthesis rate •biological functions affecting the synthesis process	[251,253]