Table 14.

Summary of immobilizing AgNPs in printing.

Printing Method	Size	Shape	Summary	Ref.
Inkjet printing	The thickness of the coating is 850 ± 150 nm	Spherical	•Produced cost-effective, flexible electronic devices •Conductivity of 1.63 × 107 S/m	[289]
Inkjet printing	TA-AgNPs average diameter: 15 nm	Spherical	•Low cost, simple and green preparation, mass production •High conductivity •Resistivity 2 Ω/m	[290]
Inkjet printing	AgNPs Diameter: 81.3 ± 34.1 nm	Spherical	•Novel nano-ink containing 35 wt% silver •Printed lines showed good adhesion to the PI substrate •Low resistivity of 3.9 × 10−7 Ω m	[291]
Inkjet printing	AgNPs Particle size:84 nm	Spherical	•Resistivity 3.3 × 100- 5- 6 × 10−6 Ω cm •Viscosity 3.7–7.4 mPa s •Electrical impedance lower than 200 Ω	[292]
Screen printing	AgNPs Particle size:5, 10, 15, 20, 25 nm	Spherical	•Brilliant colored appearance •Excellent color fastness properties •Highly durability •Antimicrobial reduction •Excellent UV-protection properties	[293]
Screen printing	Average Diameter of AgNPs: 60 ± 8 nm	Spherical	•Ultralow sheet resistance of 1.9 Ω/sq •High transmittance (73 %) at the wavelength of 550 nm •Excellent electrical stability and mechanical repeatability (1000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 28 mm and 1000 stretch-release cycles with 10 % strain)	[294]
Inkjet printing	–	Spherical	•Ag-nanoparticle ink was able to endure 1000 cycles with a small resistance drift	[295]
Direct Printing	–	Spherical	•Gauge factor (GF) of 58.7 •Maximum strain limit of 74 % •Variance in peak resistance is under 5 % peak during 1000 times loading-unlading life cycle evaluation test	[296]
Screen Printing	AgNPs Particle size: 29.185 nm	Spherical	•Bacterial Reduction 99.99 % •Color intensity increased 25 % in pigment printing •Excellent wash fastness, light fastness	[297]
Aerosol Jet Printing	–	Spherical	•Low-resistive and easy printable inks for high-resolution printed electronics •Resistivity 4.5 × 10−8 Ω m	[298]