Table 16.

Summary of application of AgNPs.

Applications	Case	Summary	Ref.
Electronic	Conductive Ink	•Homogeneous aqueous Ag NP inks •Conductivity (>20 % of the bulk silver) •Printed on photo paper and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)	[370]
		•Ag NPs with various radii (48–176 nm) •Better Flexibility •Good resistance stability (12.5–13.4 Ω)	[371]
		•Conductive inks of Ag NPs •Higher resistivity of Ag Film •Hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) surface treatment	[372]
		•Resistive-based sensor with AgNPs in a PMA matrix by a photo-induced reduction •Used to sense ammonia gas	[373]
		•Used Ag NPs/PVP/PVA to produce optical fiber gas sensor •Used to sense NH3, CH3OH, and CH3CH2OH) with a concentration ranging from 0 to 500 mg L−1	[374]
		•Prepared SWCNTs decorated with Ag NPs •Used to sense CH3CH2OH gas in the ambient temperature	[375]
		•Colorimetric detection of H2O2 using Ag NPs (triangular, spherical, and cubic •triangular Ag NPs display the highest sensitivity for a quite small level of H2O2 (5 mM)	[376]
		•Employed Ag NPs (average particle size of 16.9 nm), utilizing a phenolic chemical derived from sugarcane leaves as a reducing agent, to fabricate a gas-sensing sensor. Used to sense ammonia and H2O2	[377]
		•Used to make sensor using Ag NPs deposited on a glass plate/Au NPs •Used to sense H2O2 detection where concentration range- 6.7–668 mmol L−1	[378]
		•Used AgNPs on 3DG via the hydrothermal process •Used to sense electrodes for electrochemical detection •of H2O2 in phosphate-buffered solutions	[379]
	Food Analysis	•Biosensors for food analysis using AgNPs	[380]
Solar Cell	Solar Cell	•Thin layer of Ag NPs as a trapping layer in silicon-based solar cells •9 % enhancement in the quantum efficiency at longer wavelengths	[381]
		•AgNPs on the optical and photovoltaic properties of silicon substrates, silicon solar cells, and glass •Increased the total efficiency by 39 %	[382]
		•Plasmonic enhancement in the two natural pigments (betanin-lawsone) co-sensitized solar cells by utilizing the bimodal size distribution of Ag NPs •Improve current density, voltage, and efficiency by 20.1 %, 5.5 %, and 28.6 %	[383]
Water Treatment	Water Treatment	•TiO2-modified nylon-6 composite mat loaded with Ag NPs as water filter •Used as a cost-effective water filter	[384]
Food Preservation	Surface Protection and food preservation	•Antibacterial glass surfaces coated with AgNPs are used as efficient surface-active materials	[385]
Painting	Outdoor Paint	•AgNPs as an antibacterial agent used as outdoor paint	[386]
Medical Application	Dentistry	•Strong dental nanocomposite incorporating a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate, AgNPs, and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate	[387]
	Wound Dressing	•Acetobacter xylinum (strain TISTR 975) produced bacterial cellulose immersed in a silver nitrate solution. •It was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	[388]
		•This collagen sponge incorporating AgNPs enhanced wound-healing ability in an animal model	[389]
		•Healing of burns and wound care	[390]
		•Biosynthesized nanoengineered tissue impregnated with AgNPs, which significantly prevented borne bacterial growth on the surface of the tissue	[391]
		•AgNPs deposition on nylon sutures using in situ technique helps in wound healing strategy on post-operative buccal mucosa	[392]
	Bone Cement	•Disc replacements in the knee, hip, and spine	[393]
	Antiviral activity	•Ag-NPs exhibit antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus-1, Influenza virus (HIV-1), Herpes simplex virus, HSV-2, Monkeypox virus, hepatitis B, HSV-1, Respiratory syncytial virus, Zika virus, and Dengue virus (DEN-2).	[[394], [395], [396], [397], [398], [399], [400], [401], [402]]
	Medical Devices	•Medical devices such as catheters using AgNP coating	[403]
		•Gowns, coating of breath mask patent, and ultrasonic detection using AgNP coating	[404]
	Face Mask	•Coating of hospital textiles such as face mask surgical using AgNPs	[404,405]
	Antifungal activity	•Ag-NPs have fungicidal and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida species, Candida glabrata, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida tropicalis	[[406], [407], [408]]
	Implant	•Orthodontic, orthopedic fixations and implants using AgNPs	[409,410]
	Anti-cancer	•AgNPs have anti-cancer properties like human breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, monkey kidney cancer, Cervical carcinoma, HeLa	[[411], [412], [413], [414], [415], [416]]
	Antibacterial activity	•AgNPs have been found to demonstrate inhibitory activity against a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, as well as specific pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginoss, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia hermanii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, agricultural plant pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.	[[417], [418], [419], [420], [421], [422], [423], [424], [425]]
Agricultural Application	Nano fertilizer	•Developments in the field of agriculture have led to the creation of innovative solutions such as nano fertilizers, nano pesticides with nano herbicides, nanocoating, and a remarkable system of delivery for nutrients for plants utilizing AgNPs.	[426]
Consumer Applications	Consumer byproducts	•Room sprays, water filtration and sanitization systems, deodorants, soaps, hosiery, and food preservation products that contain AgNPs •Dye Reduction	[408,427]
		•Products such as textiles, paints, facial peel-off gel, and sunscreen cosmetics. The items available for purchase include toys, humidifiers, filters, kitchen utensils, toothpaste, washer systems, shampoo, bedding, deodorants, and fabrics. Biogenic AgNPs are also used as packaging materials.	[[428], [429], [430]]