Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants, Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study, 2020–2023.
| Weighted mean or percentage |
||
|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 3865) |
Follow-Up (n = 3741) | |
| Medical Mistrust Index (range: 1–4), mean (SE, median, IQR) | 1.89 (0.01, 2, 1.33–2.33) | |
| Medical Mistrust Index item, a % | ||
| Healthcare providers don't give the best treatment available | 9.2 | |
| Healthcare providers don't have my best interest in mind for treatment | 9.2 | |
| Healthcare providers will not tell me about mistake in medical treatment | 28.8 | |
| Positive vaccine attitudes (range: 1–5) mean (SE, median, IQR) | 3.45 (0.02, 4, 2.5–5) | |
| Vaccination uptake, % | ||
| Yes | 75.3 | |
| No | 24.7 | |
| Age, % | ||
| 18–34 | 38.8 | 33.0 |
| 35–54 | 33.8 | 36.0 |
| 55–64 | 14.8 | 16.4 |
| ≥65 | 12.6 | 14.6 |
| Sex, % | ||
| Male | 45.3 | 45.2 |
| Female | 54.7 | 54.8 |
| Race and ethnicity, % | ||
| Hispanic | 6.6 | 6.6 |
| NH White | 73.8 | 70.8 |
| NH Black | 8.2 | 10.5 |
| Another NH race and ethnicity | 11.5 | 12.1 |
| Marital status, % | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 62.4 | 63.2 |
| Not married/cohabiting | 37.6 | 36.9 |
| Education, % | ||
| High school or less | 23.0 | 23.6 |
| Some college | 33.9 | 32.7 |
| College graduate | 43.1 | 43.8 |
| Household income, % | ||
| <$35,000 | 29.1 | 27.3 |
| $35,000–74,999 | 30.1 | 29.9 |
| ≥$75,000 | 40.8 | 42.8 |
| Health insurance, % | ||
| Private insurance | 69.8 | 69.7 |
| Medicare/Medicaid/others | 21.6 | 23.8 |
| None | 8.6 | 6.5 |
| Pre-existing diagnosed comorbidities, % | ||
| Yes | 53.7 | 51.7 |
| No | 46.3 | 48.3 |
| COVID-19 symptom severity, % | ||
| Asymptomatic/mild | 32.0 | 33.9 |
| Moderate | 37.4 | 35.5 |
| Severe | 22.1 | 21.4 |
| Very severe | 8.5 | 9.2 |
COVID-19 = Coronavirus disease 2019; SE = Standard error; NH = non-Hispanic.
a. This presents the percentage reporting agree and strongly agree for each medical mistrust index item.