Table 2.
Weighted mean of Medical Mistrust Index at baseline by sociodemographic and clinical factors at baseline or follow-up, Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study, 2020–2023.
|
Medical Mistrust Index (range = 1–4) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 3865) | Follow-Up (n = 3741) | |||
| Weighted mean (SE) | p-value a | Weighted mean (SE) | p-value a | |
| Positive vaccine attitudes | ||||
| Importance of vaccination for people who have not had COVID-19 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.74 (0.01) | |||
| No | 2.10 (0.02) | |||
| Importance of vaccination for people who have had COVID-19 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.73 (0.01) | |||
| No | 2.07 (0.02) | |||
| Vaccination uptake | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.80 (0.01) | |||
| No | 2.13 (0.03) | |||
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 18–34 | 1.92 (0.02) | 1.91 (0.02) | ||
| 35–54 | 1.93 (0.02) | 1.92 (0.02) | ||
| 55–64 | 1.86 (0.03) | 1.86 (0.03) | ||
| ≥65 | 1.72 (0.02) | 1.73 (0.02) | ||
| Sex | 0.930 | 0.339 | ||
| Male | 1.89 (0.02) | 1.87 (0.02) | ||
| Female | 1.89 (0.01) | 1.89 (0.01) | ||
| Race and ethnicity | 0.004 | 0.005 | ||
| Hispanic | 1.94 (0.04) | 1.89 (0.05) | ||
| NH White | 1.86 (0.01) | 1.86 (0.01) | ||
| NH Black | 1.95 (0.04) | 1.99 (0.04) | ||
| Another NH race and ethnicity | 1.97 (0.03) | 1.92 (0.03) | ||
| Marital status | 0.835 | 0.969 | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 1.89 (0.01) | 1.88 (0.01) | ||
| Not married/cohabiting | 1.89 (0.02) | 1.88 (0.02) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | 0.047 | ||
| High school or less | 1.94 (0.02) | 1.91 (0.03) | ||
| Some college | 1.92 (0.02) | 1.90 (0.02) | ||
| College graduate | 1.84 (0.02) | 1.85 (0.02) | ||
| Household income | <0.001 | 0.069 | ||
| <$35,000 | 1.93 (0.02) | 1.87 (0.02) | ||
| $35,000–74,999 | 1.92 (0.02) | 1.92 (0.02) | ||
| ≥$75,000 | 1.83 (0.02) | 1.86 (0.02) | ||
| Health insurance | <0.001 | 0.509 | ||
| Private insurance | 1.86 (0.01) | 1.87 (0.01) | ||
| Medicare/Medicaid/others | 1.95 (0.02) | 1.90 (0.02) | ||
| None | 1.97 (0.04) | 1.91 (0.04) | ||
| Pre-existing diagnosed comorbidities | 0.069 | 0.035 | ||
| Yes | 1.87 (0.01) | 1.85 (0.02) | ||
| No | 1.91 (0.02) | 1.90 (0.02) | ||
| COVID-19 symptom severity | 0.001 | 0.097 | ||
| Asymptomatic/mild | 1.84 (0.02) | 1.85 (0.02) | ||
| Moderate | 1.88 (0.02) | 1.88 (0.02) | ||
| Severe | 1.94 (0.02) | 1.93 (0.03) | ||
| Very severe | 1.98 (0.04) | 1.89 (0.04) | ||
COVID-19 = Coronavirus disease 2019; SE = Standard error; NH = non-Hispanic.
a. We conducted t-tests to test the null hypothesis that the means of subgroups are equal at baseline or follow-up.