Table 3.
Odds Ratio for Exposure of SHS at Home among Households with Children by Background Characteristics, India, 2009-10 and 2016-17
| Background characteristics | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| No | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | |
| GATS 1 (2009-10) | GATS 2 (2016-17) | |
| Religion | ||
| Others | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Hindu | 1.96 (1.78-2.16) | |
| Muslim | 3.13 (2.79-3.49) | |
| Christian | 2.83 (2.51-3.19) | |
| Caste | ||
| Others | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Scheduled Caste | 1.40 (1.31-1.49) | |
| Scheduled Tribe | 1.76 (1.63-1.90) | |
| Other Backward Caste | 1.06 (0.99-1.12) | |
| Place of residence | ||
| Urban | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Rural | 1.43 (1.42-1.43) | 1.45 (1.37-1.52) |
| Wealth quintile | ||
| Richest | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Poorest | 2.44 (2.43-2.44) | 2.14 (1.96-2.32) |
| Second | 2.39 (2.39-2.39) | 1.95 (1.81-2.10) |
| Middle | 2.17 (2.16-2.18) | 1.67 (1.54-1.82) |
| Fourth | 1.65 (1.64-1.65) | 1.51 (1.40-1.62) |
| Region | ||
| South | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| North | 3.56 (3.55-3.57) | 7.51 (6.88-8.19) |
| Central | 4.16 (4.15-4.16) | 5.87 (5.37- 6.42) |
| East | 3.06 (3.05-3.06) | 3.34 (3.05-3.67) |
| North East | 2.75 (2.74-2.75) | 6.51 (5.93-7.15) |
| West | 2.09 (2.09-2.09) | 2.37 (2.14-2.62) |
| Number of children in the household | ||
| <3 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| ≥3 | 1.24 (1.23-1.24) | 1.17 (1.11-1.22 ) |
| Knowledge among adults about the harmful health effects of SHS on children | ||
| Yes | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| No | 1.15 (1.04-1.27) | |
| Adult smoker in home | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 4.24 (4.24-4.25) | 4.53(4.23- 4.86) |
| An adult member of household noticed information in media about dangers of SHS in last 30 days | ||
| Yes | 1.00 (Reference) | |