Table 2.

Clinical characterization of superficial manifestations in ESRD patients

			Number	Prevalence (%)	95% CI of prevalence
Skin Manifestations	Several abnormal skin manifestations		64	83.1	72.86 – 90.69
	Skin Malignancy		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Cutaneous Lentigo		2	2.6	0.32 – 9.07
	Actinic Keratosis		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Acanthosis Nigricans		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	AV Shunt related complications		6	7.8	2.91 – 16.19
	Pigmentary changes		13	16.9	9.31 – 27.14
	Pruritus	Generalized	28	36.4	25.70 – 48.12
		At the fistula site	6	7.8	2.91 – 16.19
		Circumscribed	3	3.9	0.81 – 10.97
	Xerosis	Generalized	49	63.6	51.88 – 74.30
		Localized	7	9.1	3.73 – 17.84
		Feet	2	2.6	0.32 – 9.07
	No skin manifestation		2	2.6	0.32 – 9.07
Nail changes	No nail manifestation		23	29.9	19.97 – 41.38
	Multi-nail disorders		14	18.2	10.31 – 28.62
	Splinter hemorrhage		5	6.5	2.14 – 14.51
	Onycholysis		4	5.2	1.43 – 12.77
	Leukonychia		5	6.5	2.14 – 14.51
	Melanonychia		4	5.2	1.43 – 12.77
	Koilonychia		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Beau’s lines		3	3.9	0.81 – 10.97
	Longitudinal ridges		3	3.9	0.81 – 10.97
	Terrys nails		15	19.5	11.33 – 30.09
Hair	No abnormal hair manifestations		46	59.7	47.94 – 70.77
	Diffuse scalp hair loss		17	22.1	13.12 – 32.98
	Dry lustreless hair		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Body hair loss		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Multi- hair changes		12	15.6	8.32 – 26.64
Oral, and Tongue changes	No oral nor tongue changes		54	70.1	58.62 – 80.03
	Oral Candidiasis		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Xerostomia		4	5.2	1.43 – 12.77
	Fissured Tongue		3	3.9	0.81 – 10.97
	Macroglossia		2	2.6	0.32 – 9.07
	Petechial hemorrhage		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Coated tongue		1	1.3	0.03 – 7.02
	Multi- oral and tongue abnormalities		11	14.3	7.35 – 24.13