Table 2.
Results of the confirmatory factor analysis-CFA
| Items | Outer loadings | Standard deviation (STDEV) | P values | AVE | Construct | Support | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial intelligence improves my academic performance. | PE1 | 0.781 | 0.040 | 0.000 | 0.680 | PE | [45], [64] |
| Artificial intelligence increases my productivity in my studies. | PE2 | 0.748 | 0.040 | 0.000 | |||
| Artificial intelligence is useful for my academic tasks. | PE3 | 0.872 | 0.020 | 0.000 | |||
| Artificial intelligence helps me achieve my learning goals faster. | PE4 | 0.889 | 0.017 | 0.000 | |||
| People important to me believe that I should use artificial intelligence in my studies. | SI1 | 0.769 | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.580 | SI | [45], [64] |
| My teachers support the use of artificial intelligence in learning. | SI2 | 0.711 | 0.074 | 0.000 | |||
| My classmates think it is beneficial to use artificial intelligence. | SI3 | 0.761 | 0.050 | 0.000 | |||
| In general, the university supports the use of artificial intelligence in education. | SI4 | 0.813 | 0.039 | 0.000 | |||
| Using artificial intelligence in my studies is fun. | PP1 | 0.790 | 0.047 | 0.000 | 0.606 | PP | [45], [64] |
| I enjoy exploring the capabilities of artificial intelligence. | PP2 | 0.758 | 0.066 | 0.000 | |||
| I find it exciting to learn with artificial intelligence tools. | PP3 | 0.819 | 0.039 | 0.000 | |||
| The use of artificial intelligence makes my studies more entertaining. | PP4 | 0.743 | 0.042 | 0.000 | |||
| I am aware of the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in education. | EA1 | 0.913 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.878 | EA | [39] |
| I find it important to reflect on the ethical aspects of artificial intelligence. | EA2 | 0.939 | 0.011 | 0.000 | |||
| I understand the potential ethical dilemmas associated with the use of artificial intelligence in learning. | EA3 | 0.947 | 0.008 | 0.000 | |||
| I take ethical considerations into account when using artificial intelligence tools. | EA4 | 0.947 | 0.010 | 0.000 | |||
| I feel capable of learning to use artificial intelligence tools. | SL1 | 0.890 | 0.021 | 0.000 | 0.787 | SL | [65] |
| I am confident in my ability to integrate artificial intelligence into my studies. | SL2 | 0.922 | 0.015 | 0.000 | |||
| I can solve problems related to the use of artificial intelligence in my learning. | SL3 | 0.848 | 0.026 | 0.000 | |||
| I feel prepared to incorporate artificial intelligence in my studies. | AAN1 | 0.910 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.814 | AAN | [65] |
| I am not concerned about using artificial intelligence tools in my learning. | AAN2 | 0.915 | 0.015 | 0.000 | |||
| I am comfortable with the idea of artificial intelligence being part of my education. | AAN4 | 0.926 | 0.014 | 0.000 | |||
| I do not experience anxiety at the thought of using artificial intelligence in my academic tasks. | AAN5 | 0.857 | 0.030 | 0.000 | |||
| I feel responsible for my use of artificial intelligence in my studies. | AIO1 | 0.728 | 0.092 | 0.000 | 0.798 | AIO | [45], [64] |
| I feel that I have control over how I use artificial intelligence in my learning. | AIO2 | 0.822 | 0.059 | 0.000 | |||
| I make conscious decisions about when and how to apply artificial intelligence in my tasks. | AIO3 | 0.827 | 0.046 | 0.000 | |||
| I feel that the integration of artificial intelligence in my studies is up to me. | AIO5 | 0.755 | 0.063 | 0.000 | |||
| I appropriate artificial intelligence tools to enhance my educational experience. | AIO6 | 0.871 | 0.045 | 0.000 | |||