Table 3.

Average PES by Wave and Selected Characteristics, Waves 4 (2008–2009) and 5 (2016–2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

	Mean (IQR)^1,2
	Wave 4 N = 11,520³	Wave 5 N = 3452
Gender
Female	1.6 (0.5, 2.0)	1.3 (0.5, 2.0)
Male	1.8 (1.0, 2.5)	1.2 (0.5, 1.5)
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	1.7 (1.0, 2.0)	1.2 (0.5, 1.5)
Non-Hispanic black	1.8 (0.5, 2.5)	1.3 (0.5, 2.0)
Hispanic	1.6 (0.5, 2.0)	1.2 (0.5, 1.5)
Non-Hispanic other	1.4 (0.5, 2.0)	1.2 (0.5, 1.5)
Educational attainment
≤ high school	2.0 (1.0, 2.5)	1.6 (1.0, 2.0)
Some college or associate degree	1.7 (1.0, 2.0)	1.3 (0.5, 2.0)
≥college degree	1.4 (0.5, 2.0)	1.1 (0.5, 1.5)
Nativity
U.S. born	1.7 (1.0, 2.0)	1.3 (0.5, 2.0)
Non-U.S. born	1.5 (0.5, 2.0)	1.2 (0.5,1.5)

IQR = interquartile range; PES = precarious employment score.

Mean (IQR) and percents incorporated the Add Health survey weights and sample design parameters to account for clustered sampling, attrition, and oversampling. Estimates also incorporate the IPCW.

The PES is composed of 8 indicators, mapped to 5 dimensions: material rewards; working time arrangements; employment stability; workers’ rights and social protections; and interpersonal relations. Dimensions were summed, with the score ranging from 0 (least precarious) to 5 (most precarious).

For wave 4, n = 11,520; there are 11,510 individuals in the PSS model and an additional 10 individuals in the CRP models that do not have the PSS.