. 2025 Jan 1;37(1):48–51. doi: 10.1589/jpts.37.48

Table 2. Changes in muscle output at different angle of inclination.

Angle of inclination	0°	30°	60°
Upper pectoralis major	0.237 ± 0.0423	0.2775 ± 0.0968	0.2561 ± 0.07945
Middle pectoralis major	0.3308 ± 0.0566	0.257 ± 0.0788^a	0.204 ± 0.077^{a, b}
Lower pectoralis major	0.358 ± 0.0489	0.2126 ± 0.0483^a	0.1425 ± 0.048^{a, b}
Anterior deltoid	0.1485 ± 0.0429	0.2542 ± 0.068^a	0.390 ± 0.069^{a, b}
Lateral side of triceps brachii	0.199 ± 0.0446	0.2329 ± 0.0390	0.294 ± 0.0376^{a, b}
Medial side of triceps brachii	0.180 ± 0.0526	0.1916 ± 0.0386	0.242 ± 0.04786^{a, b}

Mean ± SD.

Comparisons were made after Friedman’s test by Wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test with Bonferroni’s correction.

^ap<0.05 / 3 = 0.0166: comparison with the value on Angle 0.

^bp<0.05 / 3 = 0.0166: comparison with the value on Angle 30.

a, b are comparisons among different angles in the same muscle.