Table 2. The results of all data and 3-group comparisons.
| Group | Pre-operation | 2 weeks after TKA | 4 weeks after TKA | |
| w-pain | TENS | 76.2 ± 18.1 | 21.5 ± 13.4 | 11.5 ± 10.6 |
| (mm) | MENS | 62.1 ± 22.0 | 41.1 ± 16.6* | 26.6 ± 13.2 |
| Control | 66.9 ± 26.8 | 43.6 ± 26.6* | 13.0 ± 11.4 | |
| MWS | TENS | 8.78 ± 3.08 | 9.85 ± 2.92 | 7.98 ± 2.18 |
| (s) | MENS | 8.09 ± 1.62 | 13.4 ± 5.55* | 9.13 ± 2.97 |
| Control | 9.70 ± 3.35 | 12.5 ± 4.08 | 9.46 ± 3.21 | |
| TUG | TENS | 10.2 ± 3.82 | 11.4 ± 3.37 | 9.00 ± 2.44 |
| (s) | MENS | 8.87 ± 1.54 | 13.2 ± 4.15 | 9.48 ± 2.65 |
| Control | 11.8 ± 3.85 | 14.0 ± 4.46 | 11.1 ± 3.91 | |
| IKES | TENS | 0.896 ± 0.282 | 0.604 ± 0.211 | 0.739 ± 0.211 |
| (Nm/kg) | MENS | 0.882 ± 0.305 | 0.483 ± 0.128 | 0.712 ± 0.183 |
| Control | 0.995 ± 0.416 | 0.547 ± 0.183 | 0.800 ± 0.168 | |
| PCS | TENS | 30.8 ± 9.90 | ||
| MENS | 27.0 ± 9.63 | |||
| Control | 27.0 ± 16.7 |
*: indicated p<0.05 comparison with the TENS group.
w-pain: pain intensity during walking; MWS: maximum walking speed; TUG: timed up-and-go test; IKES: isometric knee extension strength; PCS: pain catastrophizing score; TENS: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; MENS: microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation; TKA: total knee arthroplasty.