Table 4.
Association of CRF and MVPA with development of CAC at Y25 among Y20 CAC-free CARDIA participants
| Exposure definition | Y20 CRF categories | P for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | ||
| No. of participants | 359 | 364 | 395 | 330 | 361 | — |
| Test duration, min, mean (range) | 3.56 (0.08–4.57) | 5.55 (4.60–6.03) | 7.03 (6.05–8.00) | 8.55 (8.02–9.65) | 10.94 (9.67–15.53) | — |
| No. (%) with CAC at Y25 | 50 (13.9) | 47 (12.9) | 60 (15.2) | 49 (14.8) | 44 (12.2) | 0.78 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 1 (ref.) | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) | 0.57 (0.32–0.90) | 0.43 (0.26–0.70) | 0.29 (0.18–0.49) | <0.001 |
| Model 1a | 1 (ref.) | 0.74 (0.47–1.16) | 0.55 (0.34–0.89) | 0.41 (0.23–0.70) | 0.27 (0.15–0.48) | <0.001 |
| Model 2b | 1 (ref.) | 0.83 (0.52–1.32) | 0.76 (0.46–1.27) | 0.60 (0.34–1.05) | 0.42 (0.23–0.78) | 0.004 |
| Model 3c | 1 (ref.) | 0.88 (0.53–1.47) | 0.95 (0.54–1.68) | 0.75 (0.39–1.44) | 0.61 (0.30–1.26) | 0.14 |
| Y20 MVPA-SR categories | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure definition | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | |
| No. of participants | 416 | 421 | 418 | 418 | 419 | — |
| Intensity score, mean (range) | 47 (0–101) | 154 (102–213) | 273 (214–345) | 437 (347–548) | 776 (549–1694) | — |
| No. (%) with CAC at Y25 | 61 (14.7) | 48 (11.4) | 65 (15.6) | 57 (13.6) | 68 (16.2) | 0.32 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 1 (ref.) | 0.67 (0.44–1.01) | 0.85 (0.57–1.25) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) | 0.39 |
| Model 1a | 1 (ref.) | 0.67 (0.44–1.02) | 0.85 (0.57–1.28) | 0.76 (0.51–1.16) | 0.81 (0.54–1.23) | 0.57 |
| Model 2b | 1 (ref.) | 0.69 (0.45–1.07) | 0.96 (0.64–1.46) | 0.93 (0.61–1.43) | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 0.60 |
| Model 3c | 1 (ref.) | 0.71 (0.46–1.11) | 1.05 (0.68–1.61) | 0.98 (0.63–1.51) | 1.12 (0.72–1.75) | 0.29 |
| Y20 MVPA-ACC Categories | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure definition | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | |
| No. of participants | 298 | 297 | 300 | 297 | 298 | — |
| Daily min, mean (range) | 10.0 (1.6–15.4) | 19.5 (15.5–23.9) | 29.3 (24.0–35.7) | 42.7 (35.8–51.4) | 84.6 (51.6–144.0) | — |
| No. (%) with CAC at Y25 | 47 (15.8) | 42 (14.1) | 38 (12.7) | 34 (11.4) | 41 (13.8) | 0.28 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 1 (ref.) | 0.70 (0.43–1.12) | 0.55 (0.34–0.89) | 0.43 (0.26–0.71) | 0.51 (0.31–0.82) | 0.001 |
| Model 1a,d | 1 (ref.) | 0.68 (0.42–1.10) | 0.54 (0.33–0.89) | 0.39 (0.23–0.66) | 0.46 (0.28–0.78) | <0.001 |
| Model 2b,d | 1 (ref.) | 0.70 (0.43–1.15) | 0.62 (0.38–1.03) | 0.45 (0.26–0.77) | 0.53 (0.31–0.91) | 0.008 |
| Model 3c,d | 1 (ref.) | 0.82 (0.50–1.36) | 0.68 (0.40–1.14) | 0.51 (0.29–0.89) | 0.64 (0.37–1.10) | 0.040 |
Figures represent odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident CAC (Agatston units >0) unless otherwise specified.
ACC, accelerometer-derived; CAC, coronary artery calcification; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; MVPA, moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity; SF, self-reported.
aModel 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race, study centre, and education.
bModel 2: Model 1 + Framingham risk score.
cModel 3: Model 1 + total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and lipid- and blood pressure-lowering treatment.
dFurther adjusted for estimated device wear time.