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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ophthalmol. 2023 Oct 27;259:35–44. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.019

Table 5.

Spherical Equivalent Stratified by Sex and Decade

Year Sex Mean (D) Standard Deviation (D) Median (D) Minimum (D) Maximum (D)
1960s Female −0.47 2.58 0 −13.5 11.875
Male −0.31 2.66 0 −21 14.5
1970s Female −0.87 2.78 −0.25 −29 11.5
Male −0.92 2.31 −0.25 −9.75 12
1980s Female −1.23 2.91 −0.75 −31.25 9.25
Male −1.46 2.84 −0.75 −11.375 13.25
1990s Female −1.64 2.80 −1.125 −11.5 13
Male −1.52 2.68 −0.875 −14.375 8.125
2000s Female −1.98 2.98 −1.25 −22.625 15.5
Male −1.74 2.90 −1.125 −30 38.5
2010s Female −1.93 3.00 −1.25 −26 15.5
Male −1.73 2.94 −1.125 −33 15.5

D= Diopters