Table 1.

Public oncology resources for MDL algorithm development

Resource	Cancer	Modality	URL	Representative studies
TCGA	Pan-cancer	Histopathology, multi-omics, clinical data	https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/	[14, 27–30]
TCIA	Pan-cancer	Histopathology, radiology, MR, US, clinical data	https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/	[31, 32]
Lung-CLiP	Lung	Clinical data, SNV, CNV	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2140-0; http://clip.stanford.edu	[33]
DELFI	Lung	Clinical data, cfDNA	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.033; EDA accession No. EGAS00001005340	[34]
ASVM	Pan-cancer	Clinical data, cfDNA, CNV	https://github.com/ElaineLIU-920/ASVM-for-Early-Cancer-Detection	[35]
HAM10000	Skin	Dermoscopic image, clinical data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DBW86T; https://isic-archive.com/api/v1	[36]

Note: SNV, single-nucleotide variation; CNV, copy number variation; cfDNA, cell-free DNA.