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. 2024 Dec 23;11:1523170. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1523170

Table 2.

Clinical signs by disease status.

Variable Total (n = 90) nHA group (n = 61) HA group (n = 29) P-value
Acute gastrointestinal signs (n, %) 26 (29%) 9 (15%) 17 (59%) <0.001*
Chronic Gastrointestinal signs (n, %) 55 (61%) 43 (70%) 12 (41%) 0.016*
Neurological signs (n, %) 8 (9%) 6 (10%) 2 (7%) 0.95*
Polyuria/Polydipsia (n, %) 14 (16%) 6 (10%) 8 (27.5%) 0.06*
Lethargy (n, %) 34 (38%) 12 (20%) 22 (76%) <0.001*
Anorexia (n, %) 29 (32%) 12 (20%) 17 (59%) <0.001*
First gastrointestinal episode (n, %) 9 (10%) 3 (5%) 6 (21%) 0.03**
Shock signs (n, %) 10 (11%) 0 (0.0%) 10 (35%) <0.001**

*Chi-square test; **Fisher exact test. p-value were obtained by comparisons between HA group vs. nHA group.