Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included studies.
| Authors | Year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Treatment methods | Survival outcome | Cutoff value | Tumor type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grossmann NC et al. (23) | 2022 | Multicenter | Retrospective | 4335 | surgery | RFSc CSSb OSa | 610 | UCBd |
| Kobayashi S et al. (40) | 2021 | NR | Retrospective | 103 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | CSS OS | 520 | UTUCe |
| Mori K et al. (28) | 2021 | Multicenter | Retrospective | 2492 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | RFS CSS OS | 485 | UTUC |
| Chien TM et al. (39) | 2021 | China | Retrospective | 376 | surgery | CSS | 485 | UTUC |
| Katayama S et al. (25) | 2021 | Multicenter | Retrospective | 1117 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | RFS CSS OS | 580 | NMIBCf |
| Zhang et al. (50) | 2022 | China | Retrospective | 110 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | RFS | 410.3 | UTUC |
| Huang et al. (51) | 2022 | China | Retrospective | 119 | surgery | RFS | 370.5 | NMIBC |
| Jan HC et al. (24) | 2018 | China | Retrospective | 424 | surgery | RFS CSS OS | 580 | UTUC |
| Zheng Y et al. (37) | 2020 | China | Retrospective | 272 | surgery | RFS CSS OS | 672.44 | UTUC |
| Xingxing Tang et al. (30) | 2020 | China | Retrospective | 79 | surgery | RFS OS | 463.56 | BC |
| Wentao Zhang et al. (49) | 2019 | China | Retrospective | 70 | surgery | OS | 507 | BC |
| Zhi-Bin Ke et al. (26) | 2021 | China | Retrospective | 184 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | RFS | NR | NMIBC |
| Peng Liu et al. (27) | 2022 | China | Retrospective | 183 | adjuvant therapy | RFS | 514 | NMIBC |
| Huifeng Bi et al. (38) | 2020 | China | Retrospective | 387 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | OS CSS | 467.76 | NMIBC |
| Li Deng-Xiong et al. (21) | 2023 | China | Retrospective | 197 | adjuvant therapy | RFS | 557 | NMIBC |
| G Fornarini et al. (44) | 2021 | China | Retrospective | 267 | adjuvant therapy | OS | 1375 | UC |
| Ali Yılmaz et al. (42) | 2020 | Italy | Retrospective | 152 | NR | OS | 768 | MIBCg |
| Shimpei Yamashita et al. (41) | 2021 | NR | Retrospective | 237 | surgery | CSS OS | 438 | BC |
| Shiyu Zhang et al. (34) | 2022 | Japan | Retrospective | 725 | surgery | OS RFS | 554 | BC |
| Li Ding et al. (22) | 2023 | China | Retrospective | 416 | surgery | RFS | 505 | NMIBC |
| Patrik Palacka et al. (47) | 2021 | China | Retrospective | 181 | adjuvant therapy | OS PFS | 705 | UC |
| Sacit Nuri Gorgel et al. (45) | 2019 | NR | Retrospective | 191 | surgery | CSS OS | 843 | MIBC |
| Chengbo Wang et al. (31) | 2023 | NR | Retrospective | 222 | adjuvant therapy | RFS | 707 | NMIBC |
| Hasan Yilmaz et al. (33) | 2022 | China | Retrospective | 241 | surgery | OS RFS | 1228 | BC |
| Ruining Zhao et al. (36) | 2021 | Türkiye | Retrospective | 216 | surgery | RFS | 276.85 | BC |
| Abolfazl Salari et al. (48) | 2024 | NR | Retrospective | 187 | surgery | OS | 410 | MIBC |
| Zhenkai Luo et al. (46) | 2023 | China | Retrospective | 99 | surgery | OS | 470 | UTUC |
| Pierluigi Russo et al. (29) | 2023 | NR | Retrospective | 193 | surgery | RFS CSS OS | 640 | BC |
| Xiaoping Zhang et al. (35) | 2023 | China | Retrospective | 94 | surgery | OS | 863 | BC |
| Michele Dionese et al. (43) | 2023 | NR | Retrospective | 72 | adjuvant therapy | OS | 1375 | UC |
| Xinping Yi et al. (32) | 2023 | NR | Retrospective | 496 | surgery+adjuvant therapy | RFS | 525 | NMIBC |
OSa, overall survival; CSSb, cancer-specific survival; RFSc, recurrence-free survival; UCBd, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder; UTUCe, upper tract urothelial cancer; NMIBCf, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; MIBCg, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NR, Not reported.