Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of incidence for the development of T2DM in GDM women.
| Subgroup | No | Incidence of GDM (95% CI) | heterogeneity | Effective model | Z | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I² (%) | p | ||||||
| Location | |||||||
| North America | 20 | 0.22 (0.19, 0.25) | 99.2 | 0.000 | Random | 14.01 | <0.001 |
| Asia | 12 | 0.14 (0.11, 0.18) | 97.3 | 0.000 | Random | 8.49 | <0.001 |
| Oceania | 5 | 0.19 (0.08, 0.30) | 96.0 | 0.000 | Random | 3.44 | 0.001 |
| Europe | 5 | 0.24 (0.11, 0.37) | 98.3 | 0.000 | Random | 3.58 | <0.001 |
| Study design | |||||||
| Retrospective | 23 | 0.20 (0.16, 0.24) | 99.5 | 0.000 | Random | 10.22 | <0.001 |
| Prospective | 20 | 0.21 (0.18, 0.25) | 99.3 | 0.000 | Random | 11.40 | <0.001 |
| Sample | |||||||
| <500 | 19 | 0.28 (0.21, 0.35) | 96.8 | 0.000 | Random | 7.96 | <0.001 |
| >500 | 25 | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 99.7 | 0.000 | Random | 10.17 | <0.001 |
| Diagnostic criteria of GDM | |||||||
| ADA | 2 | 0.17 (-0.07, 0.40) | 99.7 | 0.000 | Random | 1.41 | 0.157 |
| IADPSG | 8 | 0.12 (0.08, 0.15) | 98.8 | 0.000 | Random | 7.06 | <0.001 |
| ADPSG | 2 | 0.17 (-0.03, 0.38) | 98.4 | 0.000 | Random | 1.65 | 0.099 |
| NDDG | 6 | 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) | 94.5 | 0.000 | Random | 7.43 | <0.001 |
| Others | 3 | 0.29 (0.13, 0.44) | 97.1 | 0.000 | Random | 3.56 | <0.001 |
| Diagnostic criteria of T2DM | |||||||
| WHO | 13 | 0.17 (0.14, 0.21) | 97.7 | 0.000 | Random | 9.25 | <0.001 |
| NDDG | 7 | 0.17 (0.14, 0.20) | 97.4 | 0.000 | Random | 10.37 | <0.001 |
| ADA | 13 | 0.21 (0.17, 0.26) | 99.1 | 0.000 | Random | 9.94 | <0.001 |