Table 3.

The advantages, disadvantages and applications of detection methods for EV subpopulations.

Detection Methods for EV Subpopulations		Advantages	Disadvantages	Applications
Nanoparticle Flow Cytometry (NanoFCM)		High throughput, high sensitivity, rapid, qualitative analysis	Limited accuracy for EVs smaller than 100 nm, some with limited resolution	Available for relatively big EVs
Color/ Fluorescence Reaction-Based Optical Detection Methods	Single Molecule Array (Simoa)	High throughput, rapid, high sensitivity, convenient, naked eye analysis, some automatic	Destructive to EVs for downstream research	Available for small sample volume
	Horseradish Peroxidase (HPR)-Mediated Color/ Fluorescence Reaction
Ion Concentration Changes-Based Electrochemical Sensor Detection Methods		High sensitivity, high accuracy, wide detection range, sensitive	Time consuming, destructive to EVs for downstream research	Available for small sample volume and low EV concentration
Raman Beads		Enhanced signal, resistant to interference from bioactive substances	Destructive to EVs biological functions	Multi-component sample