Figure 3.

Measured heating transducer characterization results. (A) capacitance and dielectric loss of each heating transducer element at 1 kHz; (B) electrical impedance at 3.5 MHz and minimum impedance frequency of each heating transducer element; (C) acoustic pressure and intensity output of the heating transducer (n = 3); acoustic pressure filed of the heating transducer in the (D) XZ plane and (E) YZ plane; zoom-in acoustic pressure distribution along the (F) X- and (G) Y-directions; temporal acoustic pressure filed of the heating transducer at focal depth along the (H) X- and (I) Y-directions.