Table 1.
IBD patients in digital behavioral intervention pilot
| Excluded (n = 83) | Randomized (n = 30) | Self-guided CBT (n = 18) | Mood tracking (n = 12) | Lost to follow-up (n = 9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| IBD type | |||||
| Crohn’s disease | 46 (55.4) | 17 (56.7) | 11 (61.1) | 6 (50.0) | 5 (55.6) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 37 (44.6) | 13 (43.3) | 7 (38.9) | 6 (50.0) | 4 (44.4) |
| On IBD biologic or small molecule | 58 (69.9) | 19 (63.3) | 14 (77.8) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (55.6) |
| Age, y | 39 (25-59) | 33 (25-59) | 27 (24-45) | 40 (29-59) | 41 (24-59) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 42 (50.6) | 19 (63.3) | 11 (61.1) | 8 (66.7) | 8 (88.9) |
| Male | 41 (49.4) | 11 (36.7) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (33.3) | 1 (11.1) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Black or African American | 37 (69.8) | 18 (60.0) | 12 (66.7) | 6 (50.0) | 4 (44.4) |
| Hispanic | 43 (65.1) | 18 (60.0) | 10 (55.6) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (66.7) |
| Insurance | |||||
| Medicaid | 38 (45.8) | 16 (53.3) | 10 (55.6) | 6 (50.0) | 4 (44.4) |
| Medicare | 15 (18.1) | 3 (10.0) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (11.1) |
| Private | 27 (32.5) | 5 (16.7) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (22.2) |
| Other | 3 (3.6) | 6 (20.0) | 5 (27.8) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (22.2) |
| Digital technology | |||||
| Regular Internet access | — | 30 (100) | 18 (100) | 12 (100) | 9 (100) |
| Mode of Internet access | |||||
| Phone | — | 28 (93.3) | 17 (94.4) | 11 (91.7) | 8 (88.9) |
| Tablet | — | — | — | — | — |
| Home computer | — | 2 (6.7) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (11.1) |
| Internet use frequency | |||||
| Daily | — | 22 (73.3) | 13 (72.2) | 9 (75.0) | 5 (55.6) |
| Few times a week | — | 6 (20.0) | 4 (22.2) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (22.2) |
| Less than weekly | — | 2 (6.7) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (22.2) |
| Comfortable using apps | — | 28 (93.3) | 16 (88.9) | 12 (100) | 8 (88.9) |
| Mental health and quality of life | |||||
| Current mental health provider | — | 3 (10.0) | 3 (16.7) | — | 1 (11.1) |
| Mental illness diagnosis, past or current | — | 8 (26.7) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (22.2) |
| Physical functiona | — | 47.8 ± 9.5 | 46.7 ± 10.1 | 49.6 ± 8.4 | 45.1 ± 9.7 |
| Anxietya | — | 57.8 ± 6.7 | 57.8 ± 5.1 | 57.9 ± 8.9 | 58.9 ± 4.6 |
| Depressiona | — | 54.1 ± 7.3 | 55.0 ± 6.7 | 52.7 ± 8.2 | 54.4 ± 6.7 |
| Fatiguea | — | 53.5 ± 8.6 | 53.1 ± 8.4 | 54.1 ± 9.4 | 52.7 ± 8.3 |
| Sleep disturbancea | — | 54.1 ± 7.6 | 54.3 ± 7.9 | 53.8 ± 7.4 | 57.9 ± 7.8 |
| Social roles and activitiesa | — | 49.9 ± 7.1 | 49.5 ± 7.3 | 50.7 ± 7.1 | 50.3 ± 9.4 |
| Pain interferencea | — | 56.9 ± 7.5 | 57.5 ± 7.3 | 56.0 ± 8.3 | 58.6 ± 9.9 |
| App assignment | |||||
| Self-guided CBT | — | — | — | — | 6 (33.3) |
| Mood tracking | — | — | — | — | 3 (25.0) |
Values are n (%), median (interquartile range), or mean ± SD. All patients self-identified as either Hispanic and/or Black or African American.
Abbreviations: app, application; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.
aNational Institutes of Health PROMIS-29 (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) scores. Higher numbers indicate a greater level of the measured trait. Raw scores are converted to a T score that centers at a mean of 50 with a standard deviation of 10 in the general population.