Table 3.
Bivariate and multilevel linear regression model (level 1 individuals, level 2 village groups) of the upper arch for the association between the predictor variables and the increase in upper anterior dental crowding (dependent variable). Adjusted R2 = 0.206
| Independent variables | Bivariate model | Multilevel linear model | Sample power | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-value | CI (95%) | p-value | β | CI (95%) | ICC | p-value (LRT) | ||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||||
| (Village) | 0.158 | 0.167 | 0.796 (79.6%) | |||||||
| Maxilla | ||||||||||
| Tooth wear T1-T0 | 0.016* | -3.181 | -0.343 | 0.064 | -1.326 | -2.687 | 0.0349 | |||
| Tooth loss T1-T0 | 0.004* | -0.846 | -0.169 | 0.021** | -0.408 | -0.740 | -0.0755 | |||
| Age T0 | 0.693 | -0.0916 | 0.0616 | |||||||
| Arch perimeter T1-T0 | 0.149 | -0.0604 | 0.382 | |||||||
| 3–3 width T1-T0 | 0.916 | -0.5303 | 0.478 | |||||||
CI: confidence interval; *Statistical significance at p < 0.1; ** Statistical significance at p < 0.05; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; LRT: likelihood test; 3–3: intercanine