Table 2.

List of reported mortalities from published pediatric brainstem biopsy surgical case series.

	Publication	Age and Gender	Details of mortality
1	Cheng 2020 (32)	8 M	stereotactic biopsy of pontine anaplastic astrocytoma, progressive cerebral swelling around surgical bed leading to death on post-operative day 18
2	Cheng 2020 (32)	17 F	stereotactic biopsy of pontine anaplastic astrocytoma, cerebral herniation on post-operative day 3
3	Wang 2022 (33)	9 F	open microsurgical biopsy of pontine DMG, cerebellar swelling noted intraoperatively requiring resection of part of cerebellum, death on post-operative day 2 with due to cardiorespiratory arrest
4	Wang 2022 (33)	unclear	open microsurgical biopsy, worsening cerebellar and tumor edema causing increased hydrocephalus, concurrent diabetes insipidus and electrolyte abnormalities, death on post-operative day 5
5	Wang 2022 (33)	unclear	CNS infection following open microsurgical biopsy, death on post-operative day 23