TABLE 1.
Comparison of clinicopathological data between DM without metformin and with metformin in UTUC patients.
| Variables | Without metformin (n = 725) | With metformin (n = 215) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.38 (65.28–77.82) | 70.47 (64.32–77.26) | 0.422 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.93 (22.6–27.14) | 25.72 (23.44–28.03) | 0.024* |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) before surgery | 39.95 (21.17–58.33) | 56.38 (41.39–74.39) | < 0.001* |
| Gender | 0.058 | ||
| Male | 308 (77.78) | 88 (22.22) | |
| Female | 417 (76.65) | 127 (23.35) | |
| Grade | 0.016* | ||
| Low grade | 86 (70.49) | 36 (29.51) | |
| High grade | 632 (78.22) | 176 (21.78) | |
| Location | 0.004* | ||
| Renal pelvis | 284 (76.34) | 88 (23.66) | |
| Ureter | 290 (76.92) | 87 (23.08) | |
| Synchronous | 149 (78.84) | 40 (21.16) | |
| Multifocality | 0.059 | ||
| No | 449 (77.55) | 130 (22.45) | |
| Yes | 265 (76.37) | 82 (23.63) | |
| Pathological N stage | 0.214 | ||
| pN0/Nx | 14 (82.35) | 3 (17.65) | |
| pN1/N2 | 704 (76.86) | 212 (23.14) | |
| Pathological T stage | 0.026* | ||
| pT < 2 | 348 (75.16) | 115 (24.84) | |
| pT ≥ 2 | 371 (78.77) | 100 (21.23) | |
| Laterality | 0.014* | ||
| Left | 375 (77.64) | 108 (22.36) | |
| Right | 341 (76.29) | 106 (23.71) | |
| Both | 8 (88.89) | 1 (11.11) | |
| Tumor size | < 0.001* | ||
| < 1 cm | 35 (68.63) | 16 (31.37) | |
| < 2 cm | 130 (71.82) | 51 (28.18) | |
| < 3 cm | 111 (69.81) | 48 (30.19) | |
| ≥ 3 cm | 282 (74.02) | 99 (25.98) | |
| Carcinoma in situ | 0.058 | ||
| No | 554 (76.41) | 171 (23.59) | |
| Yes | 164 (78.85) | 44 (21.15) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.079 | ||
| No | 587 (77.03) | 175 (22.97) | |
| Yes | 128 (78.05) | 36 (21.95) | |
| Metastasis | 0.007* | ||
| No | 543 (79.04) | 144 (20.96) | |
| Yes | 102 (70.34) | 43 (29.66) |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
*
p < 0.05.