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. 2025 Jan 5;6(1):e70038. doi: 10.1002/mco2.70038

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐artificial oocyte activation (ICSI‐AOA) with 2.5 µM ionomycin overcame male infertility in Tdrd6N1015Tfs*3/N1015Tfs*3 and Tdrd6−/− mice. (A) Representative images of embryonic development after ICSI or ICSI‐AOA with different concentrations of ionomycin using the sperm of wild‐type (WT), Tdrd6N1015Tfs*3/N1015Tfs*3 , and Tdrd6−/− mice. Scale bars, 50 µm. n = 3 biologically independent male mice in each group. The red arrows indicate the representative 2‐pronuclear (2PN) zygotes on D0.5, two‐cell embryos on D1.5, four‐cell embryos on D2.5, morulas on D3.5, and blastocysts on D4.5, respectively. (B–F) Fertilization rate, two‐cell rate, four‐cell rate, morula rate, and blastocyst rate after ICSI or ICSI‐AOA with different concentrations of ionomycin. The bars indicate the mean ± SEMs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. (G) Representative images of the offspring of Tdrd6N1015Tfs*3/N1015Tfs*3 male mice born after ICSI‐AOA with 2.5 µM ionomycin. (H) Representative images of the offspring of Tdrd6−/− male mice born after ICSI‐AOA with 2.5 µM ionomycin.