Table 9.
Characteristics of studies reporting pre-VR sperm concentrations ≤2 million/ml (N = 7).
| Study | Pre-VR MSC | Genetic assessment |
Post-VR MSC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (million/ml) | Undertaken? | Finding | (million/ml) | |
| ≤1 million sperm/ml | ||||
| Alkhayal 2024 [44] | 0.25 | Yes, but for few patients | NR | 3.59 |
| Poulakis 2006 [35] | 0.4 | Yes | NR | 11.3 |
| Najari 2019 [41] | 0.85 | Yes | Normal | 12 |
| 1-2 million sperm/ml | ||||
| Dubin 2018 [11] | 1.1 | NR | — | 5.37 |
| Addar 2021 [18] | 1.31 | Yes | Excluded those with GA | 5.23 |
| Majzoub 2021 [9] | 1.55 | Yes | Excluded those with GA | 7.5 |
| Leung 2013 [38] | 2 | NR | — | 6 |
For space considerations, only the first author is cited; GA: Genetic abnormalities; MSC: mean sperm concentrations; NR: not reported; VR: varicocele repair; —: no available data.