Table 1.
Overview of model used along with test dataset values.
| Researcher | Model used | Fuel used | Input parameters | Output variables/responses | Test dataset and value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atkinson et al.26 | ANN | 100% diesel | Speed, temperature, rail pressure | Brake power, SFC, emission | MAPE value < 5% |
| He et al.28 | ANN | 100% diesel | EGR, engine load, injection pressure, engine speed, SOI | Combustion characteristics, NOx emission profile | MSE values: Pcyl0.543, Tcyl28.65, NOx 58.5 |
| Ivan et al.29 | RNN | 100% diesel | Air-fuel ratio, speed, injection timing advance | Emission: NOx | MAPE value < 2% |
| Gokhan et al.30 | GRU | 100% diesel | Equivalence ratio, engine speed, SOI, fuel injection rate and quantity, pilot injection | Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) |
R2 value > 0.75 |
| Yang et al.31 | LSTM and CEEMDAN | 100% diesel | Throttle open rate, SFC, engine speed, torque | Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) | MAE value 29.82, RMSE value, 46.11, R2 value 0.98 |
| Tran Van et al.32 | ANN | Biodiesel blends with diesel and nano additives | Nano additive, engine load, blend composition | Hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), NOxs emission |
R2 value HC 0.86 CO 0.81 NOx 0.99 |
| Planakiset al.17 | RNN, TDNN | Pure diesel | Engine speed, air fuel ratio, intake pressure, engine load | Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) |
R2 value RNN 0.918 TDNN 0.733 |
| Shin et al.15 | ANN | Pure diesel | Injection pressure, injection timing, IP, intake flow | Emission: NOx | MAPE value: 9.1% |
| Hao et al.33 | LSTM | Pure diesel | Air fuel ratio, relative speed, engine torque, oil/coolant, exhaust temperature | Emission: HC, CO and NO |
R2 value HC 0.93 CO 0.81 NO 0.85 |
| Joseba et al.34 | ANN | Pure diesel | Engine speed, torque, rail pressure, ambient pressure, relative humidity |
Performance: BSFC Emission: CO, CO2, NOx |
R2 value BSFC 0.98 CO 0.76 CO2 0.89 NOx0.85 |