Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of the overall cohort according to the vasopressin start time.
| Overall (n = 2747) | Early start (n = 1850) | Late start (n = 897) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age – yr | 60 (15) | 60 (15) | 60 (15) | |
| Sex female – n (%) | 1104 (40) | 734 (40) | 370 (41) | |
| Body mass index – kg.m−2 | 30.0 (8.8) | 29.5 (8.7) | 29.8 (9.0) | |
| Admission source – n (%) | ∗∗∗ | |||
| Emergency department | 1487 (54) | 1056 (57) | 431 (48) | |
| Ward | 809 (30) | 485 (26) | 324 (36) | |
| Other hospital | 225 (8) | 143 (8) | 82 (9) | |
| Other ICU | 226 (8) | 166 (9) | 60 (7) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Respiratory – n (%) | 133 (5) | 82 (4) | 51 (6) | |
| Chronic heart failure – n (%) | 117 (4) | 83 (5) | 34 (4) | |
| End stage kidney disease – n (%) | 80 (3) | 41 (2) | 39 (4) | ∗∗ |
| Chronic liver disease – n (%) | 173 (6) | 122 (7) | 51 (6) | |
| Any immunosuppression – n (%) | 420 (15) | 305 (17) | 115 (13) | ∗∗∗ |
| Hemopathy – n (%) | 193 (7) | 147 (8) | 46 (5) | ∗∗∗ |
| Cancer with metastasis – n (%) | 72 (3) | 55 (3) | 17 (2) | |
| Prognostic scores | ||||
| APACHE III Score | 93 (29) | 95 (30) | 90 (28) | ∗∗∗ |
| APACHE III risk of death – % | 49 (27) | 50 (27) | 47 (26) | ∗∗∗ |
| Total SOFA score | 8 (3) | 8 (3) | 8 (3) | |
| Biological parameters | ||||
| Max serum creatinine at day 1 – μmol.L−1 | 202 (156) | 206 (153) | 196 (161) | . |
| Max white count cells at day 1 – x109.L−1 | 18 (15) | 18 (14) | 17 (17) | |
| Max serum lactate at day 1 – mmol.L−1 | 5.1 (4.6) | 5.5 (4.8) | 4.3 (4.2) | ∗∗∗ |
| Minimum pH at day 1 | 7.23 (0.15) | 7.22 (0.15) | 7.26 (0.14) | ∗∗∗ |
| Max bilirubin at day1 — μmol.L−1 | 43 (68) | 45 (68) | 41 (65) | . |
| Organ support | ||||
| Hydrocortisone – n (%) | 1799 (66) | 1247 (67) | 552 (62) | ∗∗ |
| Vasopressin start time – median (Q1-Q3), hr | 3 (0–9) | 1 (0–3) | 15 (9–26) | ∗∗∗ |
| Noradrenaline equivalent dose at vasopressin start time – μg.kg−1.min−1 | 0.26 (0.21) | 0.26 (0.22) | 0.24 (0.19) | ∗∗ |
| Max noradrenaline equivalent dose at day one – μg.kg−1.min−1 | 0.29 (0.29) | 0.34 (0.31) | 0.20 (0.21) | ∗∗∗ |
| Noradrenaline – n (%) | 2739 (99) | 1843 (99) | 896 (99) | |
| Adrenaline – n (%) | 863 (31) | 634 (34) | 229 (26) | ∗∗∗ |
| Dopamine – n (%) | 99 (4) | 60 (3) | 39 (4) | . |
| Phenylephrine – n (%) | 25 (1) | 12 (1) | 13 (1) | . |
| Metaraminol – n (%) | 817 (30) | 468 (25) | 349 (39) | ∗∗∗ |
| Dobutamine – n (%) | 355 (13) | 201 (11) | 154 (17) | ∗∗∗ |
| Milrinone – n (%) | 144 (5) | 103 (6) | 41 (5) | |
| Invasive ventilation at day 1 – n (%) | 1938 (71) | 1280 (69) | 658 (73) | ∗ |
| Renal replacement therapy at day 1 – n (%) | 97 (4) | 73 (4) | 24 (3) | ∗ |
| Anti-infective therapy | ||||
| Anti-infective agents – n, median (Q1-Q3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | |
| Penicillin – n (%) | 1537 (60) | 987 (53) | 550 (63) | ∗ |
| Carbapenem | 786 (31) | 555 (30) | 231 (27) | ∗∗ |
| Aminoglycoside | 267 (10) | 178 (10) | 89 (10) | |
| Glycopeptide | 1019 (40) | 695 (38) | 324 (36) | . |
Continuous values are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.
Early start: ≤6h after noradrenaline start, Late start: >6h after noradrenaline start.
ICU: Intensive care unit; AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessement.
P value: 0 ‘∗∗∗’ 0.001 ‘∗∗’ 0.01 ‘∗’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘’ 1.