Table 1. Comparison of variables between the three groups.
| Group 1 (n=15) | Group 2 (n=38) | Group 3 (n=16) | p-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 60.7±11.37 | 59.5±7.49 | 57.3±11.42 | 0.584 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Number of underlying diseases | 2.53±1.81 | 1.73±1.37 | 1.18±1.10c | 0.018 | |
| Hypertension | 9/15 | 23/38 | 2/16 | 0.004 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10/15 | 15/38 | 5/16 | 0.105 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 9/15 | 10/38 | 3/16 | 0.026 | |
| Hepatobiliary disease | 2/15 | 1/38 | 0/16 | 0.142 | |
| Pulmonary disease | 1/15 | 1/38 | 0/16 | 0.537 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0/15 | 1/38 | 0/16 | 0.661 | |
| Alcohol | 8/15 | 19/38 | 3/16 | 0.073 | |
| Smoking | 6/15 | 14/38 | 4/16 | 0.629 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 81.6±11.18 | 77.4±12.72 | 73.0±8.76 | 0.129 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101.4±11.18 | 94.4±9.21b | 91.5±7.67c | 0.012 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5±3.45 | 26.7±4.35 | 25.1±2.98 | 0.228 | |
| Thigh circumference (cm) | |||||
| Right | 49.8±4.31 | 48.2±4.01 | 46.9±3.28 | 0.132 | |
| Left | 49.5±3.99 | 48.0±4.03 | 46.6±3.25 | 0.107 | |
| Calf circumference (cm) | |||||
| Right | 39.2±3.76 | 37.5±2.89 | 36.1±1.73c | 0.015 | |
| Left | 38.8±3.79 | 37.1±2.76 | 36.0±1.66c | 0.025 | |
| Thigh circumference/weight (cm/kg)d | |||||
| Right | 58.9±0.07 | 63.1±0.06 | 65.5±0.07c | 0.023 | |
| Left | 58.7±0.07 | 62.8±0.06 | 65.0±0.07c | 0.027 | |
| Calf circumference/weight (cm/kg)d | |||||
| Right | 46.3±0.05 | 49.1±0.05 | 50.4±0.05 | 0.067 | |
| Left | 45.9±0.05 | 48.7±0.05 | 50.3±0.05c | 0.046 | |
| Thigh circumference/waist (%) | |||||
| Right | 49.3±0.04 | 51.3±0.04 | 51.5±0.04 | 0.245 | |
| Left | 49.1±0.04 | 51.1±0.04 | 51.1±0.04 | 0.242 | |
| Calf circumference/waist (%) | |||||
| Right | 38.7±0.03 | 39.9±0.03 | 39.6±0.03 | 0.483 | |
| Left | 38.9±0.03 | 39.5±0.03 | 39.5±0.03 | 0.780 | |
| Calf/thigh circumference (%) | |||||
| Right | 78.7±0.03 | 77.8±0.04 | 77.1±0.04 | 0.483 | |
| Left | 78.3±0.03 | 77.6±0.04 | 77.5±0.04 | 0.780 | |
| Knee extension strength (Nm) | |||||
| Right | 137.1±37.52 | 138.2±34.24 | 144.8±29.98 | 0.777 | |
| Left | 148.3±31.40 | 134.1±27.28 | 143.4±29.56 | 0.234 | |
| Knee flexion strength (Nm) | |||||
| Right | 69.4±21.90 | 66.0±18.64 | 63.2±18.69 | 0.686 | |
| Left | 69.6±24.44 | 66.4±20.33 | 62.3±17.27 | 0.620 | |
| Knee extension strength/weight (Nm/kg)d | |||||
| Right | 165.3±38.25 | 181.4±40.98 | 202.3±42.41c | 0.050 | |
| Left | 178.5±26.72 | 179.2±35.75 | 200.3±42.88 | 0.126 | |
| Knee flexion strength/weight (Nm/kg)d | |||||
| Right | 83.4±20.15 | 86.6±27.06 | 87.1±24.28 | 0.905 | |
| Left | 81.6±24.63 | 86.8±27.31 | 86.0±22.38 | 0.811 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
Patients were classified into three groups according to testosterone levels (group 1, <230 ng/dL; group 2, 230 to 350 ng/dL; group 3, >350 ng/dL).
ap-value derived from the analysis of variance between the three groups. bStatistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 in the post-hoc analysis. cStatistically significant difference between groups 1 and 3 in the post-hoc analysis. dDisplayed as the original value multiplied by 100.