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. 2025 Jan 6;15:988. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78862-w

Table 1.

Comparison of different modelling components in three different frameworks.

Components System advisor model PVsyst Imec energy yield framework
Irradiance model Diffuse—Perez model, View factor method Diffuse—Perez model, View factor method Ray tracing
Thermal model Energy-balance-based model Faiman model Layer-by-layer heat transfer model with transient simulation capabilities
Electrical model Single diode model Single diode model (Modified for Thin-Film) Constant factor to correct for thin film technologies CIGS model18