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. 2025 Jan 6;15:988. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78862-w

Table 2.

Accuracy of the CIGS model categorized by different capacity factors.

Error metrics
Module Low CF Mid CF High CF
nMBE (%) RM-1 5.8 0.5  −0.6
RM-2  −7  −0.6 1.7
nRMSE (%) RM-1 14 6.5 3.2
RM-2 12.7 7.5 4.8

Low CF: < 0.4, Mid CF: 0.4–0.7, High CF: > 0.7.