Table 2. Predictors of NE Group and LTFU Group.
| LTFU | NE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate HR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariate aHR (95% CI) | p value | Univariate HR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariate aHR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Age group | |||||||||
| ≤24 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| 25–34 years | 1.11 (0.80–1.52) | 0.543 | 1.07 (0.77–1.48) | 0.693 | 1.53 (0.85–2.75) | 0.156 | 1.40 (0.78–2.52) | 0.262 | |
| 35–44 years | 1.31 (0.96–1.79) | 0.088 | 1.34 (0.98–1.85) | 0.068 | 2.46 (1.41–4.29) | 0.001 | 2.09 (1.19–3.67) | 0.010 | |
| 45–54 years | 1.52 (1.12–2.04) | 0.006 | 1.31 (0.97–1.79) | 0.082 | 2.29 (1.32–3.97) | 0.003 | 1.81 (1.03–3.17) | 0.039 | |
| 55–64 years | 1.13 (0.82–1.55) | 0.459 | 1.01 (0.72–1.40) | 0.976 | 1.85 (1.05–3.27) | 0.034 | 1.52 (0.85–2.73) | 0.158 | |
| 65–74 years | 0.81 (0.55–1.20) | 0.288 | 0.83 (0.56–1.24) | 0.371 | 2.32 (1.28–4.18) | 0.005 | 1.92 (1.05–3.51) | 0.033 | |
| ≥75 years | 1.14 (0.78–1.67) | 0.500 | 1.50 (1.01–2.22) | 0.044 | 2.26 (1.24–4.11) | 0.008 | 2.35 (1.27–4.34) | 0.006 | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Male | 1.78 (1.50–2.13) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.43–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.24 (0.98–1.55) | 0.071 | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | 0.419 | |
| Region | |||||||||
| Metropolitan | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Others | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) | 0.016 | 0.79 (0.68–0.91) | 0.001 | 1.23 (0.99–1.52) | 0.057 | 1.22 (0.98–1.51) | 0.072 | |
| Nationality | |||||||||
| Korean | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Immigrant | 2.72 (2.25–3.30) | <0.001 | 3.02 (2.46–3.71) | <0.001 | 1.22 (0.83–1.81) | 0.317 | 1.48 (0.99–2.23) | 0.058 | |
| Income | |||||||||
| 0 (lowest) | 2.78 (2.03–3.80) | <0.001 | 2.64 (1.92–3.63) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.31–2.88) | 0.001 | 1.60 (1.07–2.40) | 0.021 | |
| 1 | 2.09 (1.55–2.81) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.32–2.42) | <0.001 | 1.28 (0.88–1.87) | 0.201 | 1.20 (0.81–1.76) | 0.364 | |
| 2 | 2.29 (1.71–3.06) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.52–2.74) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) | 0.661 | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) | 0.488 | |
| 3 | 1.82 (1.35–2.45) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.11–2.05) | 0.009 | 1.24 (0.86–1.80) | 0.251 | 1.18 (0.81–1.73) | 0.392 | |
| 4 | 1.12 (0.80–1.58) | 0.494 | 1.09 (0.78–1.53) | 0.619 | 1.20 (0.82–1.77) | 0.344 | 1.19 (0.81–1.76) | 0.372 | |
| 5 (highest) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Treatment history | |||||||||
| New | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Previously treated | 1.42 (1.23–1.64) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.22–1.54) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.51–2.31) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.30–2.02) | <0.001 | |
| Lesion site | |||||||||
| Pulmonary | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Extra-pulmonary | 0.83 (0.51–1.35) | 0.454 | - | - | 0.28 (0.09–0.86) | 0.027 | 0.19 (0.06–0.61) | 0.005 | |
| Notifying institution 1 | |||||||||
| PPM | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Non-PPM | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.023 | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) | 0.413 | 0.80 (0.63–1.00) | 0.055 | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | 0.693 | |
| Notifying institution 2 | |||||||||
| Health center | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Private institution | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.044 | 0.85 (0.64–1.13) | 0.273 | 0.99 (0.68–1.43) | 0.940 | - | - | |
| Smear | |||||||||
| Positive | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Negative | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 0.379 | - | - | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 0.960 | - | - | |
| ND/unknown | 1.16 (0.83–1.60) | 0.390 | - | - | 1.33 (0.85–2.07) | 0.206 | - | - | |
| Culture | |||||||||
| Positive | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Negative | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) | 0.290 | 1.12 (0.88–1.42) | 0.374 | 1.42 (1.03–1.98) | 0.035 | 1.52 (1.09–2.12) | 0.013 | |
| ND/unknown | 1.61 (1.33–1.96) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.38–2.09) | <0.001 | 2.86 (2.25–3.64) | <0.001 | 3.05 (2.35–3.95) | <0.001 | |
| Resistance pattern | |||||||||
| RR | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| MDR | 1.10 (0.84–1.44) | 0.509 | 1.07 (0.82–1.41) | 0.614 | 1.93 (1.18–3.16) | 0.009 | 1.60 (0.97–2.62) | 0.064 | |
| Pre-XDR (SLID) | 0.92 (0.55–1.53) | 0.738 | 0.99 (0.60–1.66) | 0.981 | 0.42 (0.10–1.83) | 0.249 | 0.43 (0.10–1.85) | 0.255 | |
| Pre-XDR (FQ) | 0.52 (0.32–0.85) | 0.009 | 0.49 (0.30–0.79) | 0.004 | 2.10 (1.10–4.02) | 0.025 | 1.77 (0.92–3.42) | ||
| XDR | 0.59 (0.40–0.86) | 0.006 | 0.52 (0.35–0.76) | 0.001 | 3.63 (2.14–6.18) | <0.001 | 2.74 (1.60–4.69) | ||
| Comorbidity | |||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 0.053 | 1.21 (1.00–1.48) | 0.055 | 1.50 (1.17–1.92) | 0.001 | 1.29 (0.99–1.68) | ||
| Cancer | 1.32 (0.78–2.24) | 0.302 | - | - | 0.80 (0.33–1.93) | 0.618 | - | ||
NE, not evaluated; LTFU, lost to follow-up; HR, hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidencd interval; PPM, public-private mix; ND, not done; RR, rifampin resistance; MDR, multidrug resistance; SLID, second-line injectable drug; FQ, fluoroquinolone; XDR, extensively drug-resistant.