Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria of participants and teeth.

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
For Participants:	For Participants:
• Adult participants aged from 18 to 60 years of age. • Participants had an acceptable oral hygiene level. • Participants had at least one resin composite restoration. • Participants accepted to participate in the trial.	• Participants with compromised medical history or active severe periodontal disease or with fixed orthodontic appliance.
For restored teeth:	For restored teeth:
• Resin composite restorations not involving proximal surfaces. • Teeth should be asymptomatic with no history of pain or symptoms of pulpal pathology. • Included restorations varied from having intact margins to defective or cavitated margins.	• Any restorations other than resin composite restorations. • Hopeless loose teeth with grade III mobility.