Table 1.
The relationship between sepsis as an outcome and each variable.
| Variable | Non-Sepsis (n = 178,343) | Sepsis (n = 10,824) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vital signs in triage | |||
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 98 (97, 100) | 96 (95, 99.) | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 84 (73, 97) | 93 (78, 110) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (times/min) | 17 (16, 18) | 19 (16, 20) | < 0.001 |
| Temperature range (℃) | 36.7 (36.4, 37.0) | 37.1 (36.5, 37.3) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 (119, 150) | 122 (105, 141) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (66, 86) | 69 (58, 80) | < 0.001 |
| Pain index | 3 (0, 7) | 0 (0, 7) | < 0.001 |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (year) | 58 (43, 71) | 66 (54, 77) | < 0.001 |
| Male [n (%)] | 86,666 (48.6%) | 5954 (55.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Past history [n (%)] | |||
| Smoke | 34,322 (19.2%) | 3158 (29.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 973 (0.5%) | 176 (1.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney diseases | 24,897 (14.0%) | 2808 (25.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 5325 (3.0%) | 824 (7.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 30,818 (17.3%) | 2950 (27.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor | 5166 (2.9%) | 462 (4.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 31,405 (17.6%) | 1931 (17.8%) | 0.541 |
| Diabetes | 45,305 (25.4%) | 3939 (36.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 5701 (3.2%) | 1056 (9.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Chief complaints [n (%)] | |||
| Fever | 8597 (4.8%) | 1302 (12.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Chills | 360 (0.2%) | 42 (0.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Tachycardia | 1042 (0.6%) | 175 (1.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Weakness | 8043 (4.5%) | 704 (6.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 2038 (1.1%) | 116 (1.1%) | 0.499 |
| Dizziness | 3900 (2.2%) | 118 (1.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Dyspepsia | 12,855 (7.2%) | 1372 (12.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Headache | 3476 (1.9%) | 134 (1.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 763 (0.4%) | 34 (0.3%) | 0.076 |
| Blood pressure low | 1090 (0.6%) | 485 (4.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure high | 785 (0.4%) | 18 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Lethargy | 941 (0.5%) | 229 (2.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Jaundice | 782 (0.4%) | 126 (1.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Syncope | 3374 (1.9%) | 112 (1.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Abscess | 756 (0.4%) | 48 (0.4%) | 0.761 |
| Mantal altered | 3665 (2.1%) | 729 (6.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Swelling | 4346 (2.4%) | 181 (1.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | 1100 (0.6%) | 6 (0.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Palpitations | 1503 (0.8%) | 25 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoptysis | 429 (0.2%) | 79 (0.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Hematuria | 1016 (0.6%) | 62 (0.6%) | 0.967 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 9767 (5.5%) | 531 (4.9%) | 0.011 |
| Bradycardia | 342 (0.2%) | 22 (0.2%) | 0.791 |
| Cough | 3524 (2.0%) | 291 (2.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Sore throat | 761 (0.4%) | 35 (0.3%) | 0.107 |
| Dysuria | 806 (0.5%) | 34 (0.3%) | 0.036 |
| Cellulitis | 794 (0.4%) | 27 (0.2%) | 0.003 |
| Hyperglycemia | 1550 (0.9%) | 134 (1.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypoglycemia | 503 (0.3%) | 37 (0.3%) | 0.258 |
| Seizure | 1841 (1.0%) | 118 (1.1%) | 0.564 |
| Rash | 715 (0.4%) | 27 (0.2%) | 0.014 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 1261 (0.7%) | 171 (1.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Slurred speech | 637 (0.4%) | 35 (0.3%) | 0.566 |
| Gait unsteady | 643 (0.4%) | 23 (0.2%) | 0.012 |
| Wound | 3375 (1.9%) | 175 (1.6%) | 0.040 |
| Lightheaded | 776 (0.4%) | 29 (0.3%) | 0.009 |
| Fall | 8521 (4.8%) | 382 (3.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Chest pain | 15,331 (8.6%) | 444 (4.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal pain | 24,282 (13.6%) | 1224 (11.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Back pain | 4832 (2.7%) | 180 (1.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Flank pain | 1880 (1.1%) | 76 (0.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Arm pain | 962 (0.5%) | 26 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Arthralgia pain | 4505 (2.5%) | 101 (0.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Limb pain | 4876 (2.7%) | 150 (1.4%) | < 0.001 |