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. 2025 Jan 6;15:889. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84410-3

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics.

Items Total (n = 1052) Completers (n = 689) Non-completers (n = 363) Statistic
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD t-tests p
Agea 31.3 5.6 28.7 6.1 30.4 5.9 6.86 < .001
n % n % n % X2 p
Gender 6.97 .008
 Women 566 54 391 57 175 48
 Men 486 46 298 43 188 52
 Transgender/non-binary/other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ethnicity 4.65 .098
 Jewish 969 92 642 93 327 90
 Arab 64 6 34 5 30 8
 Otherb 19 2 13 2 6 2
Education 29.5 < .001
 Never completed high school 11 1 5 1 6 2
 High school graduate 318 30 172 25 146 40
 Some college credit 231 22 161 23 70 19
 Bachelor’s degree 388 37 277 40 111 31
 Master’s degree 100 10 71 10 29 8
 Doctorate degree 4 0 3 0 1 0
Income 7.65 .105
 Significantly below average 246 23 153 22 93 26
 Below average 283 27 179 26 104 29
 Average 282 27 200 29 82 23
 Above average 204 19 129 19 75 21
 Significantly above average 37 4 28 4 9 3
Residency 2.75 .097
 Northern Israel 550 52 316 46 186 51
 Southern Israel 502 48 373 54 177 49
October 7 and war-related events
 Traumatic loss: A family member or close friend was killed, injured, or kidnapped to Gaza 268 26 158 23 110 30 6.80 .009
 Forced displacement 243 23 160 23 83 23 0.01 .896
 Income loss 479 45 302 44 177 49 2.32 .127

Pearson Chi-square; aIndependent t-tests; bOther: Druze (n = 5), Russian (n = 2), Christian (n = 3), no religion (n = 2), unspecified (n = 7).